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The Role of Growth Factors in Cartilage Repair

  • Symposium: Clinically Relevant Strategies for Treating Cartilage and Meniscal Pathology
  • Published:
Clinical Orthopaedics and Related Research®

Abstract

Background

Full-thickness chondral defects and early osteoarthritis continue to present major challenges for the patient and the orthopaedic surgeon as a result of the limited healing potential of articular cartilage. The use of bioactive growth factors is under consideration as a potential therapy to enhance healing of chondral injuries and modify the arthritic disease process.

Questions/purposes

We reviewed the role of growth factors in articular cartilage repair and identified specific growth factors and combinations of growth factors that have the capacity to improve cartilage regeneration. Additionally, we discuss the potential use of platelet-rich plasma, autologous-conditioned serum, and bone marrow concentrate preparations as methods of combined growth factor delivery.

Methods

A PubMed search was performed using key words cartilage or chondrocyte alone and in combination with growth factor. The search was open for original manuscripts and review papers and open for all dates. From these searches we selected manuscripts investigating the effects of growth factors on extracellular matrix synthesis and excluded those investigating molecular mechanisms of action.

Results

By modulating the local microenvironment, the anabolic and anticatabolic effects of a variety of growth factors have demonstrated potential in both in vitro and animal studies of cartilage injury and repair. Members of the transforming growth factor-β superfamily, fibroblast growth factor family, insulin-like growth factor-I, and platelet-derived growth factor have all been investigated as possible treatment augments in the management of chondral injuries and early arthritis.

Conclusions

The application of growth factors in the treatment of local cartilage defects as well as osteoarthritis appears promising; however, further research is needed at both the basic science and clinical levels before routine application.

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Acknowledgments

We thank Ms Paula Sharp for her technical assistance in generating the manuscript.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Clinical Sciences, VMC C3-181, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, 14853, USA

    Lisa A. Fortier DVM, PhD & Taralyn M. McCarrel DVM

  2. Midwest Orthopedics at Rush, 1611 Harrison, Suite 300, Chicago, IL, USA

    Joseph U. Barker MD, Eric J. Strauss MD & Brian J. Cole MD, MBA

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  1. Lisa A. Fortier DVM, PhD
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  2. Joseph U. Barker MD
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  3. Eric J. Strauss MD
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  4. Taralyn M. McCarrel DVM
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  5. Brian J. Cole MD, MBA
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Corresponding author

Correspondence to Lisa A. Fortier DVM, PhD.

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Fortier, Cole are consultants for Arthrex, Inc.

Each author certifies that he or she has no commercial associations (eg, consultancies, stock ownership, equity interest, patent/licensing arrangements, etc) that might pose a conflict of interest in connection with the submitted article.

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Fortier, L.A., Barker, J.U., Strauss, E.J. et al. The Role of Growth Factors in Cartilage Repair. Clin Orthop Relat Res 469, 2706–2715 (2011). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11999-011-1857-3

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