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Is Surgery Necessary for Femoral Insufficiency Fractures after Long-term Bisphosphonate Therapy?

Clinical Orthopaedics and Related Research®

Abstract

Background

Prolonged use of bisphosphonates in patients with osteoporosis reportedly induces femoral insufficiency fractures. However, the natural course of these fractures and how to treat them remain unknown.

Questions/purposes

We determined the rates of fracture displacement and subsequent operations of undisplaced insufficiency fractures of the femur in patients treated with prolonged bisphosphonate therapy.

Patients and Methods

We retrospectively collected and reviewed the clinical course of 11 patients (14 fractures) who had been diagnosed as having an insufficiency fracture of the femur after prolonged use (mean, 4.5 years; range, 3–10 years) of bisphosphonate. All patients were women with a mean age of 68 years (range, 57–82 years). The fracture site was subtrochanteric in six and femoral shaft in eight. The minimum followup was 12 months (mean, 27 months; range, 12–60 months).

Results

During the followup period, secondary displacement of the fracture occurred in five of the 14 fractures after a mean of 10 months (range, 1–19 months). Three fractures were treated with internal fixation using a compression hip screw and two with intramedullary nailing. Because five additional fractures were treated surgically owing to intractable pain, surgery was performed in 10 of 14 insufficiency fractures during the followup period. All 10 fractures healed during followup. The remaining four patients (four fractures) not undergoing any surgery had persistent pain.

Conclusions

Femoral insufficiency fractures after prolonged bisphosphonate therapy seldom healed spontaneously and most patients had surgery either for fracture displacement or persistent pain.

Level of Evidence

Level IV, therapeutic study. See Guidelines for Authors for a complete description of levels of evidence.

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Fig. 1A–D
Fig. 2A–D

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Authors and Affiliations

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Correspondence to Kyung-Hoi Koo MD.

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Each author certifies that he or she has no commercial associations (eg, consultancies, stock ownership, equity interest, patent/licensing arrangements, etc) that might pose a conflict of interest in connection with the submitted article.

Each author certifies that his or her institution approved the human protocol for this investigation, that all investigations were conducted in conformity with ethical principles of research, and that informed consent for participation in the study was obtained.

This work was performed at the Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Chung-Ang University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea.

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Ha, YC., Cho, MR., Park, K.H. et al. Is Surgery Necessary for Femoral Insufficiency Fractures after Long-term Bisphosphonate Therapy?. Clin Orthop Relat Res 468, 3393–3398 (2010). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11999-010-1583-2

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11999-010-1583-2

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