Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

Application of fringe field capacitance sensor for the study of water permeation in organic coatings

  • Published:
Journal of Coatings Technology and Research Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

Water permeation in organic coatings can be monitored by measuring the capacitance change in coatings. A new method of measuring water content in organic coatings using a miniature fringe field capacitance (FFC) sensor is described in this paper. The FFC sensor comprises two planar interdigitated electrodes on a dielectric substrate which is connected to a measuring circuit. Coating capacitance is measured by measuring the sensor capacitance when it is in contact with the surface of the coating. Sensor capacitance is theoretically calculated based on IDC capacitor theory for various sensor geometrical parameters at different water ingression levels in the coating. The computed sensor capacitance is validated with experimental values of five miniature sensors which are fabricated by lithography. The calibrated FFC sensor is used to monitor the water permeation profile in the coating, and the results are compared with that of electrochemical impedance spectroscopy technique. The technique provides scope for developing a portable, hand-held, and noninvasive technique to measure water permeation in organic coatings in the field.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Log in via an institution

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Institutional subscriptions

Fig. 1
Fig. 2
Fig. 3
Fig. 4
Fig. 5
Fig. 6
Fig. 7
Fig. 8
Fig. 9
Fig. 10
Fig. 11
Fig. 12
Fig. 13
Fig. 14
Fig. 15
Fig. 16

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  1. Kolek, Z, “Characterization of Water Penetration Inside Organic Coatings by Capacitance Measurements.” Prog. Org. Coat., 30 287–292 (1997)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  2. Brasher, DM, Kingsbury, AH, “Electrical Measurements in the Study of Immersed Paint Coatings on Metal. I. Comparison Between Capacitance and Gravimetric Methods of Estimating Water-Uptake.” J. Appl. Chem., 4 62 (1954). doi:10.1002/jctb.5010040202

    Article  Google Scholar 

  3. Lindqvist, FSA, “Theory of Dielectric Properties of Heterogeneous Substances Applied to Water in A Paint Film.” Corrosion, 41 (1985) 69 (1985)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  4. Westing, EPM, van Ferrari, GM, de Wit, JHW, “The Determination of Coating Performance with Impedance Measurements—II. Water Uptake of Coatings.” Corros. Sci., 36 (6) 957–977 (1994). doi:10.1016/0010-938X(94)90197-X

    Article  Google Scholar 

  5. Deflorian, F, Fedrizzi, L, Bonora, PL, “Influence of the Photo-Oxidative Degradation on the Water Barrier and Corrosion Protection Properties of Polyester Paints.” Corros. Sci., 38 (10) 1697–1708 (1996). doi:10.1016/S0010-938X(96)00062-5

    Article  Google Scholar 

  6. Deflorian, F, Fedrizzi, L, Rossi, S, Bonora, PL, “Organic Coating Capacitance Measurement by EIS: Ideal and Actual Trends.” Electrochim. Acta, 44 (24) 4243–4249 (1999). doi:10.1016/S0013-4686(99)00139-5

    Article  Google Scholar 

  7. Bellucci, F, Nicodemo, L, “Water Transport in Organic Coatings.” Corrosion, 49 (3) 235–247 (1993). doi:10.5006/1.3316044

    Article  Google Scholar 

  8. Wind, MM, Lenerink, HJW, “A Capacitance Study of Pseudo-Fickian Diffusion in Glassy Polymer Coatings.” Prog. Org. Coat., 28 (4) 239–250 (1996). doi:10.1016/0300-9440(95)00601-X

    Article  Google Scholar 

  9. Perez, C, Collazo, A, lzquierdo, M, Merino, P, Novoa, XR, “Characterization of the Barrier Properties of Different Paint Systems: Part I. Experimental Set Up and Ideal Fickian Diffusion.” Prog. Org. Coat., 36 (1) 102–108 (1999). doi:10.1016/S0300-9440(99)00030-2

    Article  Google Scholar 

  10. Davis, GD, Dacres, C, “Portable, Hand-Held, In-Situ Electrochemical Sensor for Evaluating Corrosion and Adhesion on Coated or Uncoated Metal Structures.” US Patent 6,054,038, 2000

  11. Davis, GD, Dacres, C, “In-Situ Electrochemical Based Moisture Sensor in Composite and Bonded Structures.” US Patent 6,313,646, 2001

  12. Sundara-Rajan, K, Mamishev, V, Zhan, M, “Fringing Electric and Magnetic Field Sensors.” Encycl. Sens., 10 1–12 (2006)

    Google Scholar 

  13. Sundara-Rajan, K, Byrd, L, II, Mamishev, AV, “Moisture Content Estimation in Paper Pulp Using Fringing Field Impedance Spectroscopy.” IEEE Sens. J., 4 (3) 378–383 (2004). doi:10.1109/JSEN.2004.824230

    Article  Google Scholar 

  14. McIntosh, RB, Casada, ME, “Fringing Field Capacitance Sensor for Measuring the Moisture Content of Agricultural Commodities.” IEEE Sens. J., 8 (3) 240–247 (2008). doi:10.1109/JSEN.2007.913140

    Article  Google Scholar 

  15. Abu-Abed, S, Lindquist, RG, “Capacitive Interdigital Sensor with Inhomogeneous Nematic Liquid Crystal Film.” Prog. Electromagn. Res. B, 17 75–87 (2008). doi:10.2528/PIERB08022901

    Article  Google Scholar 

  16. Van Gerwen, P, et al., “Nanoscaled Interdigitated Electrode Arrays for Biochemical Sensor.” Sens. Actuators B, 49 73–80 (1998). doi:10.1016/S0925-4005(98)00128-2

    Article  Google Scholar 

  17. Hartshorn, L, Megson, NJL, Rushton, E, “The Structure and Electrical Properties of Protective Films.” J. Soc. Chem. Ind., 56 (1937) 266–270 (1937)

    Google Scholar 

  18. Hu, JM, Zhang, JQ, Cao, CN, “Determination of Water Uptake and Diffusion of Cl− Ion in Epoxy Primer on Aluminum Alloys in NaCl Solution by Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy.” Prog. Org. Coat., 46 273–279 (2003)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  19. Moreno, C, et al., “Characterization of Water Uptake by Organic Coatings used for the Corrosion Protection of Steel as Determined from Capacitance Measurements.” Int. J. Electrochem. Sci., 7 7390–7403 (2012)

    Google Scholar 

  20. van der Wel, GK, Adan, OCG, “Moisture in Organic Coatings—A Review.” Prog. Org. Coat., 37 1–14 (1999). doi:10.10.1016/S0300-9440(99)00058-2

    Article  Google Scholar 

Download references

Acknowledgment

The authors are thankful to Director, NPOL for granting permission to publish this work.

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Naval Physical & Oceanographic Laboratory, Kochi, Kerala, 682021, India

    K. A. Thomas, Shiny Nair, A. V. Ramesh Kumar, V. Natarajan & Reji John

Authors
  1. K. A. Thomas
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. Shiny Nair
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  3. A. V. Ramesh Kumar
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  4. V. Natarajan
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  5. Reji John
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Corresponding author

Correspondence to K. A. Thomas.

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this article

Thomas, K.A., Nair, S., Ramesh Kumar, A.V. et al. Application of fringe field capacitance sensor for the study of water permeation in organic coatings. J Coat Technol Res 13, 829–835 (2016). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11998-016-9795-3

Download citation

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11998-016-9795-3

Keywords

Search

Navigation