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Characterization of clearcoats containing phosphoric acid-functionalized acrylic polyols for automotive precoated metal sheet coatings

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Abstract

In this study, the various physical and mechanical properties of clearcoats prepared through a new crosslinking method were investigated. The method was aimed at developing clearcoat systems to improve the deep-draw processing and formability performance in precoated metal (PCM) sheets for automotive applications. From phosphoric acid-functionalized acrylic polyols (PAFAPs) first synthesized in this study and glycidyl methacrylate-modified acrylic copolymer (GMAMAC), phosphoric acid-GMA modified acrylic polyols (PAGMAPs) were newly prepared as new binders in automotive clearcoats. Several clearcoats were formulated with different molecular weights and hydroxyl contents from PAFAPs and GMAMAC. Using clearcoats themselves, the crosslinking reactions for these clearcoats were compared by evaluating the curing behaviors with a rigid-body pendulum test (RPT) and the changes of chemical structures via attenuated total reflectance FTIR spectroscopy. The mechanical properties of the clearcoats were systematically characterized, using dynamic mechanical analysis (DMA) and universal testing machine analysis (UTM). Also, various tests were carried out using PCM sheets by depositing clearcoats above the same PCM-based primers and basecoat layers on galvanized steel. The fracture and deformation patterns related to surface damages on the clearcoat surface were visualized using a nano-scratch test, in association with atomic force microscopy. In particular, deep-draw processing tests, based on forming process simulations, were employed to scrutinize the effect of clearcoats developed in this study on the forming feature in PCM sheets. From the results of RPT, DMA, and UTM tests, the primary crosslinking networks of PAGMAPs from the synthesized PAFAPs and GMAMAC, and also succeeding secondary crosslinking networks between PAGMAPs and blocked isocyanates, were closely correlated with the degree of crosslinking (X c), in accordance with the molecular weight between crosslinks (M c), and glass transition temperature (T g). As a result, the presented clearcoats with a long pendulum period, a low rubbery modulus, and a large tensile strain value, which are the significant factors for developing automotive PCM sheet technology, have truly demonstrated more superior formability during the deep-draw process. It is confirmed that properties of clearcoats with toughness and flexibility could be optimally controlled by PAGMAPs for automotive coatings.

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Acknowledgments

This study was supported by research grants from the Industrial Strategic Technology Development Program (10035163) and the Human Resources Development program (No. 20134010200600) of Korea Institute of Energy Technology Evaluation and Planning (KETEP).

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. PPG Industries Korea, Cheonan, 330-912, Republic of Korea

    Jae Young Lee, Myung Seon Yi, Ho Cheol Jeong & Seung Man Noh

  2. Department of Green Energy Convergence Engineering, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan, 712-749, Republic of Korea

    Ho Cheol Jeong

  3. Corrosion Engineering Division, Pohang Institute of Metal Industry Advancement, Pohang, 790-834, Republic of Korea

    Jung Teag Kim

  4. Research Center for Green Fine Chemicals, Korea Research Institute of Chemical Technology, Ulsan, 681-310, Republic of Korea

    Joon Hyun Nam

  5. Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Korea University, Seoul, 136-713, Republic of Korea

    Seung Man Noh & Hyun Wook Jung

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  1. Jae Young Lee
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  2. Myung Seon Yi
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Correspondence to Seung Man Noh or Hyun Wook Jung.

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Lee, J.Y., Yi, M.S., Jeong, H.C. et al. Characterization of clearcoats containing phosphoric acid-functionalized acrylic polyols for automotive precoated metal sheet coatings. J Coat Technol Res 11, 697–710 (2014). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11998-014-9589-4

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11998-014-9589-4

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