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The Immunological Contribution to Heterotopic Ossification Disorders

  • Skeletal Development (E Schanipani and E Zelzer, Section Editors)
  • Published:
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Abstract

The formation of bone outside the endogenous skeleton is a significant clinical event, rendering affected individuals with immobility and a diminished quality of life. This bone, termed heterotopic ossification (HO), can appear in patients following invasive surgeries and traumatic injuries, as well as progressively manifest in several congenital disorders. A unifying feature of both genetic and nongenetic episodes of HO is immune system involvement at the early stages of disease. Activation of the immune system sets the stage for the downstream anabolic events that eventually result in ectopic bone formation, rendering the immune system a particularly appealing site of early therapeutic intervention for optimal management of disease. In this review, we will discuss the immunological contributions to HO disorders, with specific focus on contributing cell types, signaling pathways, relevant in vivo animal models, and potential therapeutic targets.

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Acknowledgments

This work was supported through the Center for Research in FOP and Related Disorders, the International FOP Association (IFOPA), the Ian Cali Endowment, the Weldon Family Endowment, the Progressive Osseous Heteroplasia Association (POHA), the Isaac and Rose Nassau Professorship (to FSK), the Cali/Weldon Professorship (to EMS), and by grants from the National Institutes of Health (R01-AR41916 and R01-AR046831).

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Conflict of Interest

MR Convente, H Wang, RJ Pignolo, FS Kaplan, and EM Shore all declare no conflicts of interest.

Human and Animal Rights and Informed Consent

All studies by the authors involving animal and/or human subjects were performed after approval by the appropriate institutional review boards. When required, written informed consent was obtained from all participants.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Center for Research in FOP and Related Disorders, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, 424 Stemmler Hall, 36th Street and Hamilton Walk, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA

    Michael R. Convente, Haitao Wang, Robert J. Pignolo, Frederick S. Kaplan & Eileen M. Shore

  2. Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA

    Michael R. Convente, Haitao Wang, Robert J. Pignolo, Frederick S. Kaplan & Eileen M. Shore

  3. Department of Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA

    Robert J. Pignolo & Frederick S. Kaplan

  4. Department of Genetics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA

    Eileen M. Shore

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  1. Michael R. Convente
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  2. Haitao Wang
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Correspondence to Eileen M. Shore.

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This article is part of the Topical Collection on Skeletal Development

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Convente, M.R., Wang, H., Pignolo, R.J. et al. The Immunological Contribution to Heterotopic Ossification Disorders. Curr Osteoporos Rep 13, 116–124 (2015). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11914-015-0258-z

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