Skip to main content
Log in

Determinants of Survival Following Hospitalization for Acute Heart Failure

  • Management of Heart Failure (TE Meyer, Section Editor)
  • Published:
Current Heart Failure Reports Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

Heart failure constitutes a major public health concern in the United States and is one of the leading causes of hospitalization, readmission, and death. Due to an aging U.S. population, it is estimated that the prevalence of heart failure will increase by 25 % over the coming decades, affecting approximately 3.5 % of the population by the year 2030. The ability to discriminate patients admitted with acute heart failure syndromes who are at increased risk for poor post-hospitalization outcomes is thus critical to guide therapeutic decision making for healthcare providers. This review paper will discuss clinical, hemodynamic, as well as biochemical markers that have been demonstrated to predict post-discharge outcomes among patients hospitalized with acute heart failure.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Fig. 1

Similar content being viewed by others

References

Papers of particular interest, published recently, have been highlighted as: • Of importance

  1. Jencks SF, Williams MV, Coleman EA. Rehospitalizations among patients in the Medicare fee-for-service program. N Engl J Med. 2009;360(14):1418–28.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  2. Curtis LH, Greiner MA, Hammill BG, Kramer JM, Whellan DJ, Schulman KA, et al. Early and long-term outcomes of heart failure in elderly persons, 2001-2005. Arch Intern Med. 2008;168(22):2481–8.

    Article  PubMed Central  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  3. Fonarow GC, Abraham WT, Albert NM, Stough WG, Gheorghiade M, Greenberg BH, et al. Factors identified as precipitating hospital admissions for heart failure and clinical outcomes: findings from OPTIMIZE-HF. Arch Intern Med. 2008;168(8):847–54.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  4. Chen J, Normand SL, Wang Y, Krumholz HM. National and regional trends in heart failure hospitalization and mortality rates for Medicare beneficiaries, 1998–2008. JAMA. 2011;306(15):1669–78.

    Article  CAS  PubMed Central  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  5. Allen LA, Stevenson LW, Grady KL, Goldstein NE, Matlock DD, Arnold RM, et al. Decision making in advanced heart failure: a scientific statement from the American Heart Association. Circulation. 2012;125(15):1928–52.

    Article  PubMed Central  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  6. Jong P, Vowinckel E, Liu PP, Gong Y, Tu JV. Prognosis and determinants of survival in patients newly hospitalized for heart failure: a population-based study. Arch Intern Med. 2002;162(15):1689–94.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  7. O'Connor CM, Abraham WT, Albert NM, Clare R, Gattis Stough W, Gheorghiade M, et al. Predictors of mortality after discharge in patients hospitalized with heart failure: an analysis from the Organized Program to Initiate Lifesaving Treatment in Hospitalized Patients with Heart Failure (OPTIMIZE-HF). Am Heart J. 2008;156(4):662–73.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  8. Curtis JP, Selter JG, Wang Y, Rathore SS, Jovin IS, Jadbabaie F, et al. The obesity paradox: body mass index and outcomes in patients with heart failure. Arch Intern Med. 2005;165(1):55–61.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  9. Fonarow GC, Srikanthan P, Costanzo MR, Cintron GB, Lopatin M. An obesity paradox in acute heart failure: analysis of body mass index and inhospital mortality for 108,927 patients in the Acute Decompensated Heart Failure National Registry. Am Heart J. 2007;153(1):74–81.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  10. Anker SD, Coats AJ. Cardiac cachexia: a syndrome with impaired survival and immune and neuroendocrine activation. Chest. 1999;115(3):836–47.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  11. Novack V, Pencina M, Zahger D, Fuchs L, Nevzorov R, Jotkowitz A, et al. Routine laboratory results and thirty day and one-year mortality risk following hospitalization with acute decompensated heart failure. PLoS One. 2010;5(8):e12184.

    Article  PubMed Central  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  12. Lee DS, Austin PC, Rouleau JL, Liu PP, Naimark D, Tu JV. Predicting mortality among patients hospitalized for heart failure: derivation and validation of a clinical model. JAMA. 2003;290(19):2581–7.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  13. O'Connor CM, Stough WG, Gallup DS, Hasselblad V, Gheorghiade M. Demographics, clinical characteristics, and outcomes of patients hospitalized for decompensated heart failure: observations from the IMPACT-HF registry. J Card Fail. 2005;11(3):200–5.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  14. Swedberg K, Komajda M, Bohm M, Borer JS, Ford I, Dubost-Brama A, et al. Ivabradine and outcomes in chronic heart failure (SHIFT): a randomised placebo-controlled study. Lancet. 2010;376(9744):875–85.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  15. Castagno D, Skali H, Takeuchi M, Swedberg K, Yusuf S, Granger CB, et al. Association of heart rate and outcomes in a broad spectrum of patients with chronic heart failure: results from the CHARM (Candesartan in Heart Failure: assessment of reduction in mortality and morbidity) program. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2012;59(20):1785–95.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  16. Kaplon-Cieslicka A, Balsam P, Ozieranski K, Tyminska A, Peller M, Galas M, et al. Resting heart rate at hospital admission and its relation to hospital outcome in patients with heart failure. Cardiol J. 2014. doi:10.5603/CJ.a2013.0147

  17. Greene SJ, Vaduganathan M, Wilcox JE, Harinstein ME, Maggioni A, Subacius H, et al. The prognostic significance of heart rate in patients hospitalized for heart failure with reduced ejection fraction in sinus rhythm. JACC: Heart Fail. 2013;1(6):488–96.

    Google Scholar 

  18. Lassus J, Gayat E, Mueller C, Peacock WF, Spinar J, Harjola VP, et al. Incremental value of biomarkers to clinical variables for mortality prediction in acutely decompensated heart failure: the Multinational Observational Cohort on Acute Heart Failure (MOCA) study. Int J Cardiol. 2013;168(3):2186–94.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  19. O'Connor CM, Mentz RJ, Cotter G, Metra M, Cleland JG, Davison BA, et al. The PROTECT in-hospital risk model: 7-day outcome in patients hospitalized with acute heart failure and renal dysfunction. Eur J Heart Fail. 2012;14(6):605–12. This was a predictive model with a score of adverse outcomes in more than 2,000 patients with AHF from the Protect trial.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  20. Lee DS, Stitt A, Austin PC, Stukel TA, Schull MJ, Chong A, et al. Prediction of heart failure mortality in emergent care: a cohort study. Ann Intern Med. 2012. 156(11):767–75, W-261, W-262.

    Google Scholar 

  21. Nohria A, Tsang SW, Fang JC, Lewis EF, Jarcho JA, Mudge GH, et al. Clinical assessment identifies hemodynamic profiles that predict outcomes in patients admitted with heart failure. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2003;41(10):1797–804.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  22. Fonarow GC, Adams Jr KF, Abraham WT, Yancy CW, Boscardin WJ. Risk stratification for in-hospital mortality in acutely decompensated heart failure: classification and regression tree analysis. JAMA. 2005;293(5):572–80.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  23. Aronson D, Mittleman MA, Burger AJ. Elevated blood urea nitrogen level as a predictor of mortality in patients admitted for decompensated heart failure. Am J Med. 2004;116(7):466–73.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  24. Felker GM, Leimberger JD, Califf RM, Cuffe MS, Massie BM, Adams Jr KF, et al. Risk stratification after hospitalization for decompensated heart failure. J Card Fail. 2004;10(6):460–6.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  25. Gheorghiade M, Abraham WT, Albert NM, Greenberg BH, O'Connor CM, She L, et al. Systolic blood pressure at admission, clinical characteristics, and outcomes in patients hospitalized with acute heart failure. JAMA. 2006;296(18):2217–26.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  26. Ambrosy AP, Vaduganathan M, Mentz RJ, Greene SJ, Subacius H, Konstam MA, et al. Clinical profile and prognostic value of low systolic blood pressure in patients hospitalized for heart failure with reduced ejection fraction: insights from the Efficacy of Vasopressin Antagonism in Heart Failure: outcome Study with Tolvaptan (EVEREST) trial. Am Heart J. 2013;165(2):216–25.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  27. Lucas C, Johnson W, Hamilton MA, Fonarow GC, Woo MA, Flavell CM, et al. Freedom from congestion predicts good survival despite previous class IV symptoms of heart failure. Am Heart J. 2000;140(6):840–7.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  28. Testani JM, Chen J, McCauley BD, Kimmel SE, Shannon RP. Potential effects of aggressive decongestion during the treatment of decompensated heart failure on renal function and survival. Circulation. 2010;122(3):265–72.

    Article  PubMed Central  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  29. Greene SJ, Gheorghiade M, Vaduganathan M, Ambrosy AP, Mentz RJ, Subacius H, et al. Haemoconcentration, renal function, and post-discharge outcomes among patients hospitalized for heart failure with reduced ejection fraction: insights from the EVEREST trial. Eur J Heart Fail. 2013;15(12):1401–11. Data from the EVEREST trial of AHF patients with reduced LVEF showing hemoconcentration as a marker of congestion and decreased mortality.

  30. Testani JM, Brisco MA, Chen J, McCauley BD, Parikh CR, Tang WH. Timing of hemoconcentration during treatment of acute decompensated heart failure and subsequent survival: importance of sustained decongestion. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2013;62(6):516–24.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  31. Payvar S, Spertus JA, Miller AB, Casscells SW, Pang PS, Zannad F, et al. Association of low body temperature and poor outcomes in patients admitted with worsening heart failure: a substudy of the Efficacy of Vasopressin Antagonism in Heart Failure Outcome Study with Tolvaptan (EVEREST) trial. Eur J Heart Fail. 2013;15(12):1382–9.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  32. Abraham WT, Adams KF, Fonarow GC, Costanzo MR, Berkowitz RL, LeJemtel TH, et al. In-hospital mortality in patients with acute decompensated heart failure requiring intravenous vasoactive medications: an analysis from the Acute Decompensated Heart Failure National Registry (ADHERE). J Am Coll Cardiol. 2005;46(1):57–64.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  33. Cuffe MS, Califf RM, Adams Jr KF, Benza R, Bourge R, Colucci WS, et al. Short-term intravenous milrinone for acute exacerbation of chronic heart failure: a randomized controlled trial. JAMA. 2002;287(12):1541–7.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  34. Yancy CW, Jessup M, Bozkurt B, Butler J, Casey DE, Jr. Drazner MH, et al. 2013 ACCF/AHA Guideline for the Management of Heart Failure: A Report of the American College of Cardiology Foundation/American Heart Association Task Force on Practice Guidelines. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2013. 62(16):e147–239. The most recent ACCF/AHA guidelines for management of HF patients.

  35. Butler J, Young JB, Abraham WT, Bourge RC, Adams Jr KF, Clare R, et al. Beta-blocker use and outcomes among hospitalized heart failure patients. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2006;47(12):2462–9.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  36. Gattis WA, O'Connor CM, Leimberger JD, Felker GM, Adams KF, Gheorghiade M. Clinical outcomes in patients on beta-blocker therapy admitted with worsening chronic heart failure. Am J Cardiol. 2003;91(2):169–74.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  37. Metra M, Torp-Pedersen C, Cleland JG, Di Lenarda A, Komajda M, Remme WJ, et al. Should beta-blocker therapy be reduced or withdrawn after an episode of decompensated heart failure? Results from COMET. Eur J Heart Fail. 2007;9(9):901–9.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  38. Fonarow GC, Abraham WT, Albert NM, Stough WG, Gheorghiade M, Greenberg BH, et al. Influence of beta-blocker continuation or withdrawal on outcomes in patients hospitalized with heart failure: findings from the OPTIMIZE-HF program. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2008;52(3):190–9.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  39. Hasselblad V, Gattis Stough W, Shah MR, Lokhnygina Y, O'Connor CM, Califf RM, et al. Relation between dose of loop diuretics and outcomes in a heart failure population: results of the ESCAPE trial. Eur J Heart Fail. 2007;9(10):1064–9.

    Article  CAS  PubMed Central  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  40. Peacock WF, Costanzo MR, De Marco T, Lopatin M, Wynne J, Mills RM, et al. Impact of intravenous loop diuretics on outcomes of patients hospitalized with acute decompensated heart failure: insights from the ADHERE registry. Cardiology. 2009;113(1):12–9.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  41. Damman K, Navis G, Voors AA, Asselbergs FW, Smilde TD, Cleland JG, et al. Worsening renal function and prognosis in heart failure: systematic review and meta-analysis. J Card Fail. 2007;13(8):599–608.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  42. Levy WC, Mozaffarian D, Linker DT, Sutradhar SC, Anker SD, Cropp AB, et al. The seattle heart failure model: prediction of survival in heart failure. Circulation. 2006;113(11):1424–33.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  43. Lainchbury JG, Campbell E, Frampton CM, Yandle TG, Nicholls MG, Richards AM. Brain natriuretic peptide and n-terminal brain natriuretic peptide in the diagnosis of heart failure in patients with acute shortness of breath. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2003;42(4):728–35.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  44. Maisel AS, Krishnaswamy P, Nowak RM, McCord J, Hollander JE, Duc P, et al. Rapid measurement of B-type natriuretic peptide in the emergency diagnosis of heart failure. N Engl J Med. 2002;347(3):161–7.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  45. Hunt SA, Abraham WT, Chin MH, Feldman AM, Francis GS, Ganiats TG, et al. 2009 focused update incorporated into the ACC/AHA 2005 Guidelines for the Diagnosis and Management of Heart Failure in Adults: a report of the American College of Cardiology Foundation/American Heart Association Task Force on Practice Guidelines: developed in collaboration with the International Society for Heart and Lung Transplantation. Circulation. 2009;119(14):e391–479.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  46. Fonarow GC, Peacock WF, Phillips CO, Givertz MM, Lopatin M. Admission B-type natriuretic peptide levels and in-hospital mortality in acute decompensated heart failure. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2007;49(19):1943–50.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  47. Januzzi Jr JL, Sakhuja R, O'Donoghue M, Baggish AL, Anwaruddin S, Chae CU, et al. Utility of amino-terminal pro-brain natriuretic peptide testing for prediction of 1-year mortality in patients with dyspnea treated in the emergency department. Arch Intern Med. 2006;166(3):315–20.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  48. Bettencourt P, Azevedo A, Pimenta J, Frioes F, Ferreira S, Ferreira A. N-terminal-pro-brain natriuretic peptide predicts outcome after hospital discharge in heart failure patients. Circulation. 2004;110(15):2168–74.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  49. Kociol RD, Horton JR, Fonarow GC, Reyes EM, Shaw LK, O’Connor CM, et al. Admission, Discharge, or Change in B-Type Natriuretic Peptide and Long-Term Outcomes: Data From Organized Program to Initiate Lifesaving Treatment in Hospitalized Patients With Heart Failure (OPTIMIZE-HF) Linked to Medicare Claims. Circ Heart Fail. 2011. 4(5):628–36. Data from the OPTIMIZE HF showing BNP level as a predictor of 1-year mortality and rehospitalization in older patients admitted with AHF.

  50. Peacock WF, De Marco T, Fonarow GC, Diercks D, Wynne J, Apple FS, et al. Cardiac troponin and outcome in acute heart failure. N Engl J Med. 2008;358(20):2117–26.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  51. You JJ, Austin PC, Alter DA, Ko DT, Tu JV. Relation between cardiac troponin I and mortality in acute decompensated heart failure. Am Heart J. 2007;153(4):462–70.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  52. Metra M, Nodari S, Parrinello G, Specchia C, Brentana L, Rocca P, et al. The role of plasma biomarkers in acute heart failure. Serial changes and independent prognostic value of NT-proBNP and cardiac troponin-T. Eur J Heart Fail. 2007;9(8):776–86.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  53. Del Carlo CH, Pereira-Barretto AC, Cassaro-Strunz C, Latorre Mdo R, Ramires JA. Serial measure of cardiac troponin T levels for prediction of clinical events in decompensated heart failure. J Card Fail. 2004;10(1):43–8.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  54. Gheorghiade M, Gattis WA, O'Connor CM, Adams Jr KF, Elkayam U, Barbagelata A, et al. Effects of tolvaptan, a vasopressin antagonist, in patients hospitalized with worsening heart failure: a randomized controlled trial. JAMA. 2004;291(16):1963–71.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  55. Klein L, O'Connor CM, Leimberger JD, Gattis-Stough W, Pina IL, Felker GM, et al. Lower serum sodium is associated with increased short-term mortality in hospitalized patients with worsening heart failure: results from the Outcomes of a Prospective Trial of Intravenous Milrinone for Exacerbations of Chronic Heart Failure (OPTIME-CHF) study. Circulation. 2005;111(19):2454–60.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  56. Gheorghiade M, Abraham WT, Albert NM, Gattis Stough W, Greenberg BH, O'Connor CM, et al. Relationship between admission serum sodium concentration and clinical outcomes in patients hospitalized for heart failure: an analysis from the OPTIMIZE-HF registry. Eur Heart J. 2007;28(8):980–8.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  57. Adams Jr KF, Fonarow GC, Emerman CL, LeJemtel TH, Costanzo MR, Abraham WT, et al. Characteristics and outcomes of patients hospitalized for heart failure in the United States: rationale, design, and preliminary observations from the first 100,000 cases in the Acute Decompensated Heart Failure National Registry (ADHERE). Am Heart J. 2005;149(2):209–16.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  58. Smith GL, Lichtman JH, Bracken MB, Shlipak MG, Phillips CO, DiCapua P, et al. Renal impairment and outcomes in heart failure: systematic review and meta-analysis. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2006;47(10):1987–96.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  59. Krumholz HM, Chen YT, Vaccarino V, Wang Y, Radford MJ, Bradford WD, et al. Correlates and impact on outcomes of worsening renal function in patients > or =65 years of age with heart failure. Am J Cardiol. 2000;85(9):1110–3.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  60. Damman K, Jaarsma T, Voors AA, Navis G, Hillege HL, van Veldhuisen DJ. Both in- and out-hospital worsening of renal function predict outcome in patients with heart failure: results from the Coordinating Study Evaluating Outcome of Advising and Counseling in Heart Failure (COACH). Eur J Heart Fail. 2009;11(9):847–54.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  61. Butler J, Chirovsky D, Phatak H, McNeill A, Cody R. Renal function, health outcomes, and resource utilization in acute heart failure: a systematic review. Circ Heart Fail. 2010;3(6):726–45.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  62. Metra M, Nodari S, Parrinello G, Bordonali T, Bugatti S, Danesi R, et al. Worsening renal function in patients hospitalised for acute heart failure: clinical implications and prognostic significance. Eur J Heart Fail. 2008;10(2):188–95.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  63. Testani JM, McCauley BD, Kimmel SE, Shannon RP. Characteristics of patients with improvement or worsening in renal function during treatment of acute decompensated heart failure. Am J Cardiol. 2010;106(12):1763–9.

    Article  PubMed Central  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  64. Chen CY, Yoshida A, Asakura M, Hasegawa T, Takahama H, Amaki M, et al. Serum blood urea nitrogen and plasma brain natriuretic Peptide and low diastolic blood pressure predict cardiovascular morbidity and mortality following discharge in acute decompensated heart failure patients. Circ J. 2012;76(10):2372–9.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  65. Filippatos G, Rossi J, Lloyd-Jones DM, Stough WG, Ouyang J, Shin DD, et al. Prognostic value of blood urea nitrogen in patients hospitalized with worsening heart failure: insights from the Acute and Chronic Therapeutic Impact of a Vasopressin Antagonist in Chronic Heart Failure (ACTIV in CHF) study. J Card Fail. 2007;13(5):360–4.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  66. Klein L, Massie BM, Leimberger JD, O'Connor CM, Pina IL, Adams Jr KF, et al. Admission or changes in renal function during hospitalization for worsening heart failure predict postdischarge survival: results from the Outcomes of a Prospective Trial of Intravenous Milrinone for Exacerbations of Chronic Heart Failure (OPTIME-CHF). Circ Heart Fail. 2008;1(1):25–33.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  67. Mueller C, Laule-Kilian K, Christ A, Brunner-La Rocca HP, Perruchoud AP. Inflammation and long-term mortality in acute congestive heart failure. Am Heart J. 2006;151(4):845–50.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  68. Villacorta H, Masetto AC, Mesquita ET. C-reactive protein: an inflammatory marker with prognostic value in patients with decompensated heart failure. Arq Bras Cardiol. 2007;88(5):585–9.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  69. Carrasco-Sanchez FJ, Aramburu-Bodas O, Salamanca-Bautista P, Morales-Rull JL, Galisteo-Almeda L, Paez-Rubio MI, et al. Predictive value of serum galectin-3 levels in patients with acute heart failure with preserved ejection fraction. Int J Cardiol. 2013;169(3):177–82.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  70. Fermann GJ, Lindsell CJ, Storrow AB, Hart K, Sperling M, Roll S, et al. Galectin 3 complements BNP in risk stratification in acute heart failure. Biomarkers. 2012;17(8):706–13.

    Article  CAS  PubMed Central  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  71. Mueller T, Dieplinger B, Gegenhuber A, Poelz W, Pacher R, Haltmayer M. Increased plasma concentrations of soluble ST2 are predictive for 1-year mortality in patients with acute destabilized heart failure. Clin Chem. 2008;54(4):752–6.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  72. Januzzi Jr JL, Peacock WF, Maisel AS, Chae CU, Jesse RL, Baggish AL, et al. Measurement of the interleukin family member ST2 in patients with acute dyspnea: results from the PRIDE (Pro-Brain Natriuretic Peptide Investigation of Dyspnea in the Emergency Department) study. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2007;50(7):607–13.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  73. Balling L, Kistorp C, Schou M, Egstrup M, Gustafsson I, Goetze JP, et al. Plasma copeptin levels and prediction of outcome in heart failure outpatients: relation to hyponatremia and loop diuretic doses. J Card Fail. 2012;18(5):351–8.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  74. Khan SQ, Dhillon OS, O'Brien RJ, Struck J, Quinn PA, Morgenthaler NG, et al. C-terminal provasopressin (copeptin) as a novel and prognostic marker in acute myocardial infarction: Leicester Acute Myocardial Infarction Peptide (LAMP) study. Circulation. 2007;115(16):2103–10.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  75. Neuhold S, Huelsmann M, Strunk G, Stoiser B, Struck J, Morgenthaler NG, et al. Comparison of copeptin, B-type natriuretic peptide, and amino-terminal pro-B-type natriuretic peptide in patients with chronic heart failure: prediction of death at different stages of the disease. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2008;52(4):266–72.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  76. Voors AA, von Haehling S, Anker SD, Hillege HL, Struck J, Hartmann O, et al. C-terminal provasopressin (copeptin) is a strong prognostic marker in patients with heart failure after an acute myocardial infarction: results from the OPTIMAAL study. Eur Heart J. 2009;30(10):1187–94.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  77. Maisel A, Xue Y, Shah K, Mueller C, Nowak R, Peacock WF, et al. Increased 90-day mortality in patients with acute heart failure with elevated copeptin: secondary results from the Biomarkers in Acute Heart Failure (BACH) study. Circ Heart Fail. 2011. 4(5):613–20. A prospective mutlicenter trial of more than 1,600 patients identifying MR-proADM as a predictir of 90-day mortality.

  78. Lainchbury JG, Troughton RW, Lewis LK, Yandle TG, Richards AM, Nicholls MG. Hemodynamic, hormonal, and renal effects of short-term adrenomedullin infusion in healthy volunteers. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2000;85(3):1016–20.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  79. Jougasaki M, Stevens TL, Borgeson DD, Luchner A, Redfield MM, Burnett Jr JC. Adrenomedullin in experimental congestive heart failure: cardiorenal activation. Am J Physiol. 1997;273(4 Pt 2):R1392–9.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  80. Ishiyama Y, Kitamura K, Ichiki Y, Nakamura S, Kida O, Kangawa K, et al. Hemodynamic effects of a novel hypotensive peptide, human adrenomedullin, in rats. Eur J Pharmacol. 1993;241(2–3):271–3.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  81. Maisel A, Mueller C, Nowak R, Peacock WF, Landsberg JW, Ponikowski P, et al. Mid-region pro-hormone markers for diagnosis and prognosis in acute dyspnea: results from the BACH (Biomarkers in Acute Heart Failure) trial. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2010;55(19):2062–76.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  82. Potocki M, Breidthardt T, Reichlin T, Morgenthaler NG, Bergmann A, Noveanu M, et al. Midregional pro-adrenomedullin in addition to b-type natriuretic peptides in the risk stratification of patients with acute dyspnea: an observational study. Crit Care. 2009;13(4):R122.

    Article  PubMed Central  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  83. Gegenhuber A, Struck J, Dieplinger B, Poelz W, Pacher R, Morgenthaler NG, et al. Comparative evaluation of B-type natriuretic peptide, mid-regional pro-A-type natriuretic peptide, mid-regional pro-adrenomedullin, and Copeptin to predict 1-year mortality in patients with acute destabilized heart failure. J Card Fail. 2007;13(1):42–9.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  84. Bhatia RS, Tu JV, Lee DS, Austin PC, Fang J, Haouzi A, et al. Outcome of heart failure with preserved ejection fraction in a population-based study. N Engl J Med. 2006;355(3):260–9.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  85. Owan TE, Hodge DO, Herges RM, Jacobsen SJ, Roger VL, Redfield MM. Trends in prevalence and outcome of heart failure with preserved ejection fraction. N Engl J Med. 2006;355(3):251–9.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  86. Smith GL, Masoudi FA, Vaccarino V, Radford MJ, Krumholz HM. Outcomes in heart failure patients with preserved ejection fraction: mortality, readmission, and functional decline. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2003;41(9):1510–8.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  87. Naylor MD, Brooten DA, Campbell RL, Maislin G, McCauley KM, Schwartz JS. Transitional care of older adults hospitalized with heart failure: a randomized, controlled trial. J Am Geriatr Soc. 2004;52(5):675–84.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  88. Allen LA, Smoyer Tomic KE, Smith DM, Wilson KL, Agodoa I. Rates and predictors of 30-day readmission among commercially insured and Medicaid-enrolled patients hospitalized with systolic heart failure. Circ Heart Fail. 2012. 5(6):672–9. Study of first AHF hospitalization suggesting Medicaid patients were more likely to be readmitted than commercially insured patients.

  89. Lindenfeld J, Albert NM, Boehmer JP, Collins SP, Ezekowitz JA, Givertz MM, et al. HFSA 2010 comprehensive heart failure practice guideline. J Card Fail. 2010;16(6):e1–e194.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  90. Takeda A, Taylor SJ, Taylor RS, Khan F, Krum H, Underwood M. Clinical service organisation for heart failure. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2012. 9:CD002752.

  91. Krumholz HM, Currie PM, Riegel B, Phillips CO, Peterson ED, Smith R, et al. A taxonomy for disease management: a scientific statement from the American Heart Association Disease Management Taxonomy Writing Group. Circulation. 2006;114(13):1432–45.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  92. Cline CM, Bjorck-Linne AK, Israelsson BY, Willenheimer RB, Erhardt LR. Non-compliance and knowledge of prescribed medication in elderly patients with heart failure. Eur J Heart Fail. 1999;1(2):145–9.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  93. Koelling TM, Johnson ML, Cody RJ, Aaronson KD. Discharge education improves clinical outcomes in patients with chronic heart failure. Circulation. 2005;111(2):179–85.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  94. Phillips CO, Wright SM, Kern DE, Singa RM, Shepperd S, Rubin HR. Comprehensive discharge planning with postdischarge support for older patients with congestive heart failure: a meta-analysis. JAMA. 2004;291(11):1358–67.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  95. Atherton JJ, Hayward CS, Wan Ahmad WA, Kwok B, Jorge J, Hernandez AF, et al. Patient characteristics from a regional multicenter database of acute decompensated heart failure in Asia Pacific (ADHERE International-Asia Pacific). J Card Fail. 2012;18(1):82–8.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  96. Kociol RD, Hammill BG, Fonarow GC, Klaskala W, Mills RM, Hernandez AF, et al. Generalizability and longitudinal outcomes of a national heart failure clinical registry: comparison of Acute Decompensated Heart Failure National Registry (ADHERE) and non-ADHERE Medicare beneficiaries. Am Heart J. 2010;160(5):885–92.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  97. Kociol R, Hammill BG, Fonarow GC, Heidenreich PA, Go AS, Peterson ED, et al. Associations between use of the hospitalist model and quality of care and outcomes of older patients hospitalized for heart failure. JACC: Heart Fail. 2013;1:445–53.

    Google Scholar 

Download references

Compliance with Ethics Guidelines

Conflict of Interest

Marwan F. Jumean and Michael S. Kiernan declare that they have no conflict of interest.

Human and Animal Rights and Informed Consent

This article does not contain any studies with human or animal subjects performed by any of the authors.

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Michael S. Kiernan.

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Cite this article

Jumean, M.F., Kiernan, M.S. Determinants of Survival Following Hospitalization for Acute Heart Failure. Curr Heart Fail Rep 11, 201–211 (2014). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11897-014-0190-z

Download citation

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11897-014-0190-z

Keywords

Navigation