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Immune Intervention and Preservation of Pancreatic Beta Cell Function in Type 1 Diabetes

  • Treatment of Type 1 Diabetes (M Pietropaolo, Section Editor)
  • Published:
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Abstract

Type 1 diabetes (T1D) results from the immune-mediated destruction of insulin-producing β cells located within the pancreatic islets of Langerhans. The autoimmune process leads to a deficiency in insulin production and resultant hyperglycemia requiring lifelong treatment with insulin administration. T1D continues to dramatically increase in incidence, especially in young children. Substantial knowledge surrounding human disease pathogenesis exists, such that T1D is now predictable with the measurement of antibodies in the peripheral blood directed against insulin and other β cell proteins. With the ability to predict, it naturally follows that T1D should be preventable. As such, over the last two decades, numerous well-controlled clinical trials have been completed attempting to prevent diabetes onset or maintain residual β cell function after clinical onset, all providing relatively disappointing results. Here, we review the T1D prevention efforts, the current landscape of clinical therapies, and end with a discussion regarding the future outlook for preventing T1D.

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Acknowledgments

The study was supported by grants from the National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive Kidney Diseases (K08 DK095995), Juvenile Diabetes Research Foundation (2-SRA-2016-202-S-B), and the Children’s Diabetes Foundation.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Barbara Davis Center for Childhood Diabetes, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO, 80045, USA

    Kimber M. Simmons, Peter A. Gottlieb & Aaron W. Michels

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  1. Kimber M. Simmons
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  2. Peter A. Gottlieb
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  3. Aaron W. Michels
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Correspondence to Aaron W. Michels.

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Conflict of Interest

Dr. Simmons has nothing to disclose.

Dr. Gottlieb has a pending patent on Insulin Mimotopes and Methods of Using the Same, and a patent on Methods of Preventing and Treating Autoimmunity licensed to ImmunoMolecular Therapeutics.

Dr. Michels has two patents, Compounds That Modulate Autoimmunity and Methods of Using the Same and Methods of Preventing and Treating Autoimmunity, licensed to ImmunoMolecular Therapeutics, and a pending patent on Insulin Mimotopes and Methods of Using the Same.

Human and Animal Rights and Informed Consent

This article does not contain any studies with human or animal subjects performed by any of the authors.

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This article is part of the Topical Collection on Treatment of Type 1 Diabetes

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Simmons, K.M., Gottlieb, P.A. & Michels, A.W. Immune Intervention and Preservation of Pancreatic Beta Cell Function in Type 1 Diabetes. Curr Diab Rep 16, 97 (2016). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11892-016-0793-8

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11892-016-0793-8

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