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Source apportionment studies in six Indian cities—drawing broad inferences for urban PM10 reductions

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Abstract

PM10 is a critical air pollutant in urban areas of India. Out of 176 cities, 140 exceeded annual PM10 standard of 60 μg m−3 in 2010. A detailed PM10 source apportionment study was conducted in six Indian cities during 2007–2010, providing insight to urban PM10 issues. Data on emission inventory along with carbon, secondary inorganic aerosol (SIA) and crustal components of ambient PM10 were analyzed to get broad actions for urban PM10 reduction. Road dust and vehicles emerged as two major sources accounting for ~30 to 70 % and ~15 to 20 % of PM10 emissions, respectively. Maximum concentration of EC, SIA, and crustal components varied between 10.3–38.0, 15.5–30.2, and 17.5–40.6 μg m−3, respectively. Kerbside locations showed higher EC levels. Background SO4 2− and NO3 − levels were ~70–80 % of city average. Controlling dust from road segments with high traffic volume, emissions from heavy duty vehicles, and efficient public transport emerged as key actions. Reducing SO2 and NOx emissions from industries in nonattainment cities will reduce SIA. The six-city project represents a large range of activity, geophysical, and meteorological profiles, and as such would represent source mix of many Indian cities and towns. It would, therefore, be reasonable to apply broad inferences from the study to other Indian cities and towns.

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Acknowledgments

Authors gratefully acknowledge source apportionment studies carried out in six cities by ARAI, NEERI, TERI, and IITs of Chennai, Kanpur, and Mumbai, which provided base data for this analysis.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Central Pollution Control Board, Parivesh Bhawan, East Arjun Nagar, New Delhi, 110 032, India

    Prashant Gargava

  2. Ministry of Environment, Forests and Climate Change, Indira Paryavaran Bhawan, Jorbagh Road, New Delhi, 110 003, India

    V. Rajagopalan

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  1. Prashant Gargava
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  2. V. Rajagopalan
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Correspondence to Prashant Gargava.

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V. Rajagopalan has retired as Secretary, Ministry of Environment, Forest & Climate Change, Govt. of India.

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Gargava, P., Rajagopalan, V. Source apportionment studies in six Indian cities—drawing broad inferences for urban PM10 reductions. Air Qual Atmos Health 9, 471–481 (2016). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11869-015-0353-4

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