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Coffee volatiles induced after mechanical injury and beetle herbivory attract the coffee berry borer and two of its parasitoids

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Abstract

The coffee berry borer (CBB), Hypothenemus hampei (Ferrari), is the most important insect pest of coffee worldwide. In this study, we used headspace solid-phase microextraction coupled with gas chromatography–mass spectrometry to sample and identify volatile compounds from Robusta coffee berries, Coffea canephora Pierre ex Froehner, infested with CBB and with mechanical damage. Furthermore, we evaluated the behavioral responses of the CBB and two of its parasitoids, Prorops nasuta Waterstone and Phymastichus coffea LaSalle, to three selected coffee volatile compounds in a Y-tube olfactometer. We found in the effluvia of red coffee berry compounds not previously reported for this coffee species. Our results show that Robusta coffee berries release induced volatiles either by insect herbivory or by mechanical damage. Small amount of butyl acetate, unknown compound 2, α-longipinene, longiborneol and longiborneol acetate are produced only in infested coffee berries fruits. Quantitatively, nine compounds account for the difference between healthy berries, infested, or mechanically damaged berries. Trans-ocimene, 4,8-dimethyl-3,7-nonadien-2-ol, α-copaene and kaurene increased amount levels in infested berries, while amount of methyl salicylate and linalool increased in mechanically damaged coffee berries. The olfactometric bioassays showed that CBB females and its two parasitoids were attracted to methyl salicylate. In addition, H. hampei and P. nasuta were attracted to linalool, and P. nasuta and P. coffea were attracted to trans-ocimene.

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Acknowledgments

We are grateful to Javier Valle Mora for statistical analysis assistance, Antonio Santiesteban and Armando Virgen for technical assistance, and Enrique López for providing the CBB females and parasitoids used in this study. We thank the Consejo Nacional de Ciencia y Tecnología, Mexico, for providing financial support for this project (Grant 62316).

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Grupo de Ecología de Artrópodos y Manejo de Plagas, El Colegio de la Frontera Sur, Carretera Antiguo Aeropuerto Km. 2.5, 30 700, Tapachula, Chiapas, Mexico

    Leopoldo Cruz-López, Bernardino Díaz-Díaz & Julio C. Rojas

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  1. Leopoldo Cruz-López
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  2. Bernardino Díaz-Díaz
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  3. Julio C. Rojas
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Correspondence to Julio C. Rojas.

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Cruz-López, L., Díaz-Díaz, B. & Rojas, J.C. Coffee volatiles induced after mechanical injury and beetle herbivory attract the coffee berry borer and two of its parasitoids. Arthropod-Plant Interactions 10, 151–159 (2016). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11829-016-9417-0

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