Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

Schlafbezogene Interventionen zur Augmentation von Psychotherapie

Sleep-related interventions to augment psychotherapy

  • Schwerpunkt
  • Published:
Somnologie Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Zusammenfassung

Hintergrund

Die neurobiologische Augmentation von Psychotherapie gewinnt in den letzten Jahren in der Psychotherapieforschung zunehmend an Bedeutung. In diesem Zusammenhang ist die Beeinflussung von Schlaf, dessen begünstigende Wirkung für Gedächtnisbildung und zugrunde liegende neuronale Plastizität vielfach gezeigt wurde, als nichtinvasive Intervention besonders interessant.

Fragestellung

Welchen Einfluss hat Schlaf und dessen gezielte Manipulation auf die Wirksamkeit von Psychotherapie und wie kann Schlaf als Intervention zur Augmentation von Lernprozessen in der Psychotherapie eingesetzt werden?

Methoden

Wichtige Studien, die die Auswirkung von Schlaf auf Prozesse der Gedächtnisbildung und Psychotherapie untersuchen, werden vorgestellt und diskutiert.

Ergebnisse

Zur Augmentation von Psychotherapie ist Schlaf ein aussichtsreicher Ansatzpunkt. Schlafmuster sind dabei sowohl vor als auch nach Psychotherapie relevant. Zudem besteht die Möglichkeit, Schlaf und assoziierte neuronale Prozesse zu manipulieren, z. B. durch transkranielle Gleichstromstimulation (tDCS) oder Medikamente, und somit Lernvorgänge und neuronale Plastizität im Kontext von Psychotherapie zu beeinflussen.

Diskussion

Schlaf ist ein vielversprechender Ansatz zur Augmentation von Psychotherapie. Weitere Studien sind notwendig, um die Grundlagen besser zu verstehen und zu prüfen, ob der Ansatz in den therapeutischen Alltag integriert werden kann.

Abstract

Background

The neurobiological augmentation of psychotherapy has drawn increasing attention in research on psychotherapy over the past years. In this context, the manipulation of sleep with its beneficial effect on memory formation and underlying neuronal plasticity is of particular interest as a non-invasive intervention.

Objectives

How do sleep and its selective manipulation influence the effectiveness of psychotherapy and how can sleep be used as an intervention to augment learning processes in psychotherapy?

Materials and methods

Important studies that examine the effects of sleep on processes of memory formation and psychotherapy are presented and discussed.

Results

Sleep represents a promising approach to augment the effects of psychotherapy. Sleep patterns are relevant both before and after psychotherapy. Another possibility is the manipulation of sleep and associated neuronal processes, e. g. by transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) or drugs, which might influence learning processes and neuronal plasticity in the context of psychotherapy.

Conclusion

Sleep represents a promising approach to augment psychotherapy. Future studies are needed to further unravel the underlying mechanisms and to test whether this approach can be transferred to clinical practice.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Log in via an institution

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Institutional subscriptions

Abb. 1

Literatur

  1. Kessler RC, Aguilar-Gaxiola S, Alonso J et al (2009) The global burden of mental disorders: an update from the WHO World Mental Health (WMH) surveys. Epidemiol Psichiatr Soc 18(1):23–33

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  2. Freud S (1900) Die Traumdeutung, 1. Aufl. Franz Deuticke, Wien

    Google Scholar 

  3. Butler AC, Chapman JE, Forman EM et al (2006) The empirical status of cognitive-behavioral therapy: a review of meta-analyses. Clin Psychol Rev 26(1):17–31. doi:10.1016/j.cpr.2005.07.003

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  4. Diekelmann S (2014) Sleep for cognitive enhancement. Front Syst Neurosci 8:46 doi:10.3389/fnsys.2014.00046

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  5. Landmann N, Kuhn M, Piosczyk H et al (2014) The reorganisation of memory during sleep. Sleep Med Rev 18(6):531–541. doi:10.1016/j.smrv.2014.03.005

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  6. Rasch B, Born J (2013) About sleep’s role in memory. Physiol Rev 93(2):681–766. doi:10.1152/physrev.00032.2012

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  7. Diekelmann S, Born J (2010) The memory function of sleep. Nat Rev Neurosci 11(2):114–126. doi:10.1038/nrn2762

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  8. Tononi G, Cirelli C (2014) Sleep and the price of plasticity: from synaptic and cellular homeostasis to memory consolidation and integration. Neuron 81(1):12–34. doi:10.1016/j.neuron.2013.12.025

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  9. Maquet P (2001) The role of sleep in learning and memory. Science 294(5544):1048–1052. doi:10.1126/science.1062856

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  10. Harrison Y, Horne JA (2000) Sleep loss and temporal memory. Q J Exp Psychol A 53(1):271–279. doi:10.1080/713755870

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  11. Gruart-Masso A, Nadal-Alemany R, Coll-Andreu M et al (1995) Effects of pretraining paradoxical sleep deprivation upon two-way active avoidance. Behav Brain Res 72(1–2):181–183

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  12. Walker MP, van der Helm E (2009) Overnight therapy? The role of sleep in emotional brain processing. Psychol Bull 135(5):731–748. doi:10.1037/a0016570

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  13. Yoo S, Gujar N, Hu P et al (2007) The human emotional brain without sleep – a prefrontal amygdala disconnect. Curr Biol 17(20):R877–R878. doi:10.1016/j.cub.2007.08.007

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  14. Van Der Werf D, Altena E, Schoonheim MM et al (2009) Sleep benefits subsequent hippocampal functioning. Nat Neurosci 12(2):122–123. doi:10.1038/nn.2253

    Article  Google Scholar 

  15. Mander BA, Santhanam S, Saletin JM et al (2011) Wake deterioration and sleep restoration of human learning. Curr Biol 21(5):R183–R184. doi:10.1016/j.cub.2011.01.019

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  16. Stickgold R, Walker MP (2013) Sleep-dependent memory triage: evolving generalization through selective processing. Nat Neurosci 16(2):139–145. doi:10.1038/nn.3303

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  17. Menz MM, Rihm JS, Salari N et al (2013) The role of sleep and sleep deprivation in consolidating fear memories. Neuroimage 75:87–96. doi:10.1016/j.neuroimage.2013.03.001

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  18. Fu J, Li P, Ouyang X et al (2007) Rapid eye movement sleep deprivation selectively impairs recall of fear extinction in hippocampus-independent tasks in rats. Neuroscience 144(4):1186–1192. doi:10.1016/j.neuroscience.2006.10.050

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  19. Spoormaker VI, Schroter MS, Andrade KC et al (2012) Effects of rapid eye movement sleep deprivation on fear extinction recall and prediction error signaling. Hum Brain Mapp 33(10):2362–2376. doi:10.1002/hbm.21369

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  20. Graves LA, Heller EA, Pack AI et al (2003) Sleep deprivation selectively impairs memory consolidation for contextual fear conditioning. Learn Mem 10(3):168–176. doi:10.1101/lm.48803

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  21. Pace-Schott EF, Verga PW, Bennett TS et al (2012) Sleep promotes consolidation and generalization of extinction learning in simulated exposure therapy for spider fear. J Psychiatr Res 46(8):1036–1044. doi:10.1016/j.jpsychires.2012.04.015

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  22. Kleim B, Wilhelm FH, Temp L et al (2014) Sleep enhances exposure therapy. Psychol Med 44(7):1511–1519. doi:10.1017/S0033291713001748

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  23. Zalta AK, Dowd S, Rosenfield D et al (2013) Sleep quality predicts treatment outcome in CBT for social anxiety disorder. Depress Anxiety 30(11):1114–1120. doi:10.1002/da.22170

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  24. Krakow B, Zadra A (2006) Clinical management of chronic nightmares: imagery rehearsal therapy. Behav Sleep Med 4(1):45–70. doi:10.1207/s15402010bsm0401_4

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  25. Elbert T, Rockstroh B (2004) Reorganization of human cerebral cortex: the range of changes following use and injury. Neuroscientist 10(2):129–141. doi:10.1177/1073858403262111

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  26. Sterr A, Herron K, Dijk D et al (2008) Time to wake-up: sleep problems and daytime sleepiness in long-term stroke survivors. Brain Inj 22(7–8):575–579. doi:10.1080/02699050802189727

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  27. Rasch B, Buchel C, Gais S et al (2007) Odor cues during slow-wave sleep prompt declarative memory consolidation. Science 315(5817):1426–1429. doi:10.1126/science.1138581

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  28. Rudoy JD, Voss JL, Westerberg CE et al (2009) Strengthening individual memories by reactivating them during sleep. Science 326(5956):1079 doi:10.1126/science.1179013

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  29. Diekelmann S, Buchel C, Born J et al (2011) Labile or stable: opposing consequences for memory when reactivated during waking and sleep. Nat Neurosci 14(3):381–386. doi:10.1038/nn.2744

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  30. Diekelmann S, Biggel S, Rasch B et al (2012) Offline consolidation of memory varies with time in slow wave sleep and can be accelerated by cuing memory reactivations. Neurobiol Learn Mem 98(2):103–111. doi:10.1016/j.nlm.2012.07.002

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  31. Rihm JS, Diekelmann S, Born J et al (2014) Reactivating memories during sleep by odors: odor specificity and associated changes in sleep oscillations. J Cogn Neurosci 26(8):1806–1818. doi:10.1162/jocn_a_00579

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  32. Marshall L, Helgadottir H, Molle M et al (2006) Boosting slow oscillations during sleep potentiates memory. Nature 444(7119):610–613. doi:10.1038/nature05278

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  33. Goder R, Baier PC, Beith B et al (2013) Effects of transcranial direct current stimulation during sleep on memory performance in patients with schizophrenia. Schizophr Res 144(1–3):153–154. doi:10.1016/j.schres.2012.12.014

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  34. Ngo HV, Martinetz T, Born J et al (2013) Auditory closed-loop stimulation of the sleep slow oscillation enhances memory. Neuron 78(3):545–553. doi:10.1016/j.neuron.2013.03.006

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  35. Voss U, Holzmann R, Hobson A et al (2014) Induction of self awareness in dreams through frontal low current stimulation of gamma activity. Nat Neurosci 17(6):810–812. doi:10.1038/nn.3719

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  36. Nader K, Schafe GE, Le Doux JE (2000) Fear memories require protein synthesis in the amygdala for reconsolidation after retrieval. Nature 406(6797):722–726. doi:10.1038/35021052

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  37. Cahill L, Alkire MT (2003) Epinephrine enhancement of human memory consolidation: interaction with arousal at encoding. Neurobiol Learn Mem 79(2):194–198

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  38. Morin CM, Vallieres A, Guay B et al (2009) Cognitive behavioral therapy, singly and combined with medication, for persistent insomnia: a randomized controlled trial. JAMA 301(19):2005–2015. doi:10.1001/jama.2009.682

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  39. Silva A, Collao A, Orellana M et al (2003) Zopiclone, but not brotizolam, impairs memory storage during sleep. Neurosci Res 47(2):241–243

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Klinik für Psychiatrie und Psychotherapie, Universitätsklinikum Freiburg, Hauptstr. 5, 79104, Freiburg, Deutschland

    Nina Landmann,  Marion Kuhn &  Christoph Nissen

Authors
  1. Nina Landmann
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. Marion Kuhn
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  3. Christoph Nissen
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Corresponding authors

Correspondence to Nina Landmann or Christoph Nissen.

Ethics declarations

Interessenkonflikt

C. Nissen hat Vortragshonorare der Firma Servier erhalten. Es bestehen keine weiteren geschäftlichen, persönlichen oder materiellen Beziehungen zu Industrieunternehmen aktuell oder in der Vergangenheit. N. Landmann wird durch ein Promotionsstipendium des Cusanuswerkes und M. Kuhn durch ein Promotionsstipendium der FAZIT Stiftung gefördert.

Dieser Beitrag beinhaltet keine Studien an Menschen oder Tieren.

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this article

Landmann, N., Kuhn, M. & Nissen, C. Schlafbezogene Interventionen zur Augmentation von Psychotherapie. Somnologie 20, 30–36 (2016). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11818-015-0038-0

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Accepted:

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11818-015-0038-0

Schlüsselwörter

Keywords

Search

Navigation