Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

A Novel Propolis Wax-Based Organogel: Effect of Oil Type on Its Formation, Crystal Structure and Thermal Properties

  • Original Paper
  • Published:
Journal of the American Oil Chemists' Society

Abstract

In this work, the potential application of propolis wax (PW) as a novel organogelator was investigated in different oils (canola, sesame, sunflower and flaxseed oil). PW at 2% (w/w) concentration produced a thick organogel at 5, 10 and 15 °C, with needle-like crystals, suggesting that PW is a relatively efficient structuring agent for organogel formation. The oil binding capacity of the organogel with canola oil was lower than that of the other organogels, and the gelling time of flaxseed organogel with lower oil viscosity was shorter. The X-ray diffraction measurements of the crystals showed β′-form crystals, with no influence of oil type. In FTIR results, no chemical intermolecular interactions that were observed indicated physical bonds in the organogel network. DSC analysis was carried out to obtain greater insight into the thermal behavior of PW organogels. No significant differences were observed. The textural properties of PW organogels were stable over 30 days of storage. Flaxseed oil organogel had the greatest firmness and stickiness. These results showed the effect of oil viscosity on PW gel behavior.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Log in via an institution

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Institutional subscriptions

Fig. 1
Fig. 2
Fig. 3
Fig. 4
Fig. 5
Fig. 6
Fig. 7

Similar content being viewed by others

Abbreviations

GRAS:

Generally recognized as safe

PW:

Propolis wax

CO:

Canola organogel

SEO:

Sesame organogel

SUO:

Sunflower organogel

FO:

Flaxseed organogel

OBC:

Oil binding capacity

References

  1. Patel AR, Rajarethinem PS, Grędowska A, Turhan O, Lesaffer A, De Vos WH, Van de Walle D, Dewettinck K (2014) Edible applications of shellac oleogels: spreads, chocolate paste and cakes. Food Funct 5:645–652

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  2. Öğütcü M, Yılmaz E (2015) Characterization of hazelnut oil oleogels prepared with sunflower and carnauba waxes. Int J Food Prop 18:1741–1755

    Article  Google Scholar 

  3. Marangoni AG (2012) Organogels: an alternative edible oil-structuring method. J Am Oil Chem Soc 89:749–780

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  4. Dassanayake LSK, Kodali DR, Ueno S, Sato K (2009) Physical properties of rice bran wax in bulk and organogels. J Am Oil Chem Soc 86:1163–1173

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  5. Rocha JCB, Lopes JD, Mascarenhas MCN, Arellano DB, Guerreiro LMR, da Cunha RL (2013) Thermal and rheological properties of organogels formed by sugarcane or candelilla wax in soybean oil. Food Res Int 50:318–323

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  6. Patel AR, Babaahmadi M, Lesaffer A, Dewettinck K (2015) Rheological profiling of organogels prepared at critical gelling concentrations of natural waxes in a triacylglycerol solvent. J Agr Food Chem 63:4862–4869

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  7. Patel AR, Schatteman D, De Vos WH, Dewettinck K (2013) Shellac as a natural material to structure a liquid oil-based thermo reversible soft matter system. RSC Adv 3:5324–5327

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  8. Yılmaz E, Öğütcü M (2014) Properties and stability of hazelnut oil organogels with beeswax and monoglyceride. J Am Oil Chem Soc 91:1007–1017

    Article  Google Scholar 

  9. Marcucci MC (1995) Propolis: chemical composition, biological properties and therapeutic activity. Apidologie 26:83–99

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  10. Burdock G (1998) Review of the biological properties and toxicity of bee propolis (propolis). Food Chem Toxicol 36:347–363

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  11. Enzo A, Tosi ER, Ortega Marta E, Cazzoli Ampelio F (2007) Food preservative based on propolis: bacteriostatic activity of propolis polyphenols and flavonoids upon Escherichia coli. Food Chem 104:1025–1029

    Article  Google Scholar 

  12. Calligaris S, Mirolo G, Da Pieve S, Arrighetti G, Nicoli MC (2013) Effect of oil type on formation, structure and thermal properties of γ-oryzanol and β-sitosterol-based organogels. Food Biophys 23:1–7

    Google Scholar 

  13. Goli SAH, Kadivar M, Keramat J, Fazilati M (2008) Conjugated linoleic acid (ClA) production and lipase-catalyzed interesterification of purified ClA with canola oil. Eur J Lipid Sci Technol 110:400–404

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  14. Trusheva B, Trunkova D, Bankova V (2007) Different extraction methods of biologically active components from propolis: a preliminary study. Chem Cent J 1:1–4

    Article  Google Scholar 

  15. Behera B, Sagiri SS, Pal K, Srivastava A (2013) Modulating the physical properties of sunflower oil and sorbitan monopalmitate-based organogels. J Appl Polym Sci 127:4910–4917

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  16. Hwang H-S, Kim S, Singh M, Winkler-Moser JK, Liu SX (2012) Organogel formation of soybean oil with waxes. J Am Oil Chem Soc 89:639–647

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  17. Laredo T, Barbut S, Marangoni AG (2011) Molecular interactions of polymer oleogelation. Soft Matter 7:2734–2743

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  18. Dassanayake LSK, Kodali DR, Ueno S, Sato K (2012) Crystallization kinetics of organogels prepared by rice bran wax and vegetable oils. J Oleo Sci 61:1–9

    Article  Google Scholar 

  19. Jadhav SR, Hwang H, Huang Q, John G (2013) Medium-chain sugar amphiphiles: a new family of healthy vegetable oil structuring agents. J Agric Food Chem 61:12005–12011

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  20. Singh VK, Pal K, Pradhan DK, Pramanik K (2013) Castor oil and sorbitan monopalmitate based organogel as a probable matrix for controlled drug delivery. J Appl Polym Sci 130:1503–1515

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  21. Doan CD, Van de Walle D, Dewettinck K, Patel AR (2015) Evaluating the oil-gelling properties of natural waxes in rice bran oil: rheological, thermal, and microstructural study. J Am Oil Chem Soc 92:801–811

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  22. Patel AR, Dewettinck K (2016) Edible oil structuring: an overview and recent updates. Food Funct 7:20–29

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  23. Öğütcü M, Yılmaz E (2015) Comparison of the pomegranate seed oil organogels of carnauba wax and monoglyceride. J Appl Polym Sci 132:1–8

    Google Scholar 

  24. Den Adel R, Heussen PCM, Bot A (2010) Effect of water on self-assembled tubules in Β-sitosterol + γ-oryzanol-based organogels. J Phys Conf Ser 247:12–25

    Article  Google Scholar 

  25. Huri MFD, Shiow-Fern N, Zulfakar MH (2013) Fish oil-based oleogels: physicochemicals characterization and in vitro release of betamethasone dipropionate. Int J Pharm Pharm Sci 5:458–467

    Google Scholar 

  26. Öğütcü M, Arifoğlu N, Yılmaz E (2015) Storage stability of cod liver oil organogels formed with beeswax and carnauba wax. Int J Food Sci Technol 50:404–412

    Article  Google Scholar 

Download references

Acknowledgements

This work was financially supported by Isfahan University of Technology, and we gratefully acknowledge Dr. Sonia Calligaris for her assistance in editing the manuscript.

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Food Science and Technology, College of Agriculture, Isfahan University of Technology, 84156 83111, Isfahan, Iran

    Goly Fayaz, Sayed Amir Hossein Goli & Mahdi Kadivar

Authors
  1. Goly Fayaz
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. Sayed Amir Hossein Goli
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  3. Mahdi Kadivar
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Sayed Amir Hossein Goli.

About this article

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this article

Fayaz, G., Goli, S.A.H. & Kadivar, M. A Novel Propolis Wax-Based Organogel: Effect of Oil Type on Its Formation, Crystal Structure and Thermal Properties. J Am Oil Chem Soc 94, 47–55 (2017). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11746-016-2915-5

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Revised:

  • Accepted:

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11746-016-2915-5

Keywords

Search

Navigation