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Direct Polymerization of Vernonia Oil through Cationic Means

  • Original Paper
  • Published:
Journal of the American Oil Chemists' Society

Abstract

Vernonia oil is obtained by extraction from Vernonia galamensis seeds. It is a triglyceride containing 70–80 % vernolic acid (12,13-epoxy-9-decenoic acid). With approximately three epoxy groups per molecule, vernonia oil is a good raw material for new product development and many derivatives have been reported. In this work we report for the first time direct polymerization of vernonia oil through cationic means. The reaction entails the use of fluorosulfonic acid as a catalyst and 25–35 °C. Depending on the level of acid catalyst used, the products can range from a viscous oil to a completely insoluble resin. These products have been characterized by NMR and FT-IR. The polymer may perhaps find applications as a thickener in lubricants and oil-based commercial formulations.

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Acknowledgments

Thanks are due to Karl Vermillion for recording the NMR spectra and A. J. Thomas for the viscosity data.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. National Center for Agricultural Utilization Research, US Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, 1815 N. University St., Peoria, IL, 61604, USA

    Atanu Biswas, Zengshe Liu & Janet Berfield

  2. Southern Regional Research Center, US Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, 1100 Robert E. Lee Blvd., New Orleans, LA, 70124, USA

    H. N. Cheng & K. Thomas Klasson

  3. Department of Chemistry, Howard University, 525 College Street, NW, Washington, DC, 20059, USA

    F. O. Ayorinde

Authors
  1. Atanu Biswas
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  2. H. N. Cheng
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  3. K. Thomas Klasson
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  4. Zengshe Liu
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  5. Janet Berfield
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  6. F. O. Ayorinde
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Corresponding author

Correspondence to Atanu Biswas.

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Mention of trade names or commercial products in this publication is solely for the purpose of providing specific information and does not imply recommendation or endorsement by the US Department of Agriculture. USDA is an equal opportunity provider and employer.

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Biswas, A., Cheng, H.N., Klasson, K.T. et al. Direct Polymerization of Vernonia Oil through Cationic Means. J Am Oil Chem Soc 91, 2111–2116 (2014). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11746-014-2551-x

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11746-014-2551-x

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