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Gemini Pyridinium Surfactants: Synthesis and Their Surface Active Properties

  • Original Article
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Journal of Surfactants and Detergents

Abstract

New pyridinium Gemini surfactants have been synthesized by esterification of renewable fatty acids with halogenated alcohols furnishing respective esters (2-chloroethyl hexadecanoate, 2-chloroethyl tetradecanoate, 2-chloroethyl dodecanoate, 2-bromoethyl hexadecanoate, 2-bromoethyl tetradecanoate and 2-bromoethyl dodecanoate) followed by their subsequent treatment with 4,4′-trimethylenedipyridine resulting into the formation of title Gemini surfactants: (4,4′-(propane-1,3-diyl)bis(1-(2-(hexadecanoyl oxy) ethyl) dipyridinium chloride(7), (4,4′-(propane-1,3-diyl)bis(1-(2-(tetradecanoyl oxy) ethyl) dipyridinium chloride (8), 4,4′-(propane-1,3-diyl)bis(1-(2-(dodecanoyl oxy) ethyl) dipyridinium chloride (9), (4,4′-(propane-1,3-diyl)bis(1-(2-(hexadecanoyl oxy) ethyl) dipyridinium bromide (10), (4,4′-(propane-1,3-diyl)bis(1-(2-(tetradecanoyl oxy) ethyl) dipyridinium bromide (11), 4,4′-(propane-1,3-diyl)bis(1-(2-(dodecanoyl oxy) ethyl) dipyridinium bromide (12). Their identifications are based on IR, 1H-, 13C-NMR, DEPT, COSY and mass spectral studies. Their surface active properties are also evaluated on the basis of surface tension and conductivity measurements and thermal stability of these long chain cationics Gemini surfactants have been measured by thermal gravimetric analysis under nitrogen atmosphere.

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Acknowledgments

We are thankful to the UGC (University grant commission India) for providing the research grant for this work and the Sophisticated Analytical Instrumentation Facility (SAIF), Panjab University, Chandigarh for the mass spectral analysis of the compounds.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Chemistry, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar, 143005, India

    Pankaj Patial & Ishtiaque Ahmad

  2. Department of Applied Science, Punjabi University, Patiala, 147002, India

    Arifa Shaheen

Authors
  1. Pankaj Patial
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  2. Arifa Shaheen
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  3. Ishtiaque Ahmad
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Correspondence to Arifa Shaheen or Ishtiaque Ahmad.

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Patial, P., Shaheen, A. & Ahmad, I. Gemini Pyridinium Surfactants: Synthesis and Their Surface Active Properties. J Surfact Deterg 17, 929–935 (2014). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11743-014-1563-8

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