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Mise au point. La stimulation médullaire en 2015

Recent applications and new indications of spinal cord stimulation. A clinical update

  • Mise au Point / Update
  • Published:
Douleur et Analgésie

Résumé

La stimulation médullaire épidurale (SME) est une option thérapeutique dont l’efficacité est reconnue chez les patients présentant des douleurs intenses, chroniques et rebelles aux traitements conventionnels. Les progrès scientifiques et techniques de ces dernières années ont permis un foisonnement de nouveaux dispositifs médicaux dans le domaine de la neurostimulation. Au-delà de la multiplication des colonnes de stimulation permettant d’atteindre des territoires jusqu’alors non couverts (le dos en particulier), de nouvelles formes d’onde sont à l’étude et pourraient révolutionner la perception de la paresthésie elle-même, tout en préservant l’efficacité de la technique. Ces impressions nécessiteront d’être confirmées par des études bien conduites. D’une manière générale, les indications de la stimulation médullaire restent coûteuses pour notre système de soins et doivent être rationalisées pour les patients qui seront implantés demain. Aussi, la mutualisation des expériences de terrain de chacun formalisée par la création d’un réseau clinique solide est une première étape, mais il sera probablement bientôt nécessaire de centraliser les données des patients au sein d’une base de données à haute volumétrie. D’une part, ces données serviront d’outil de travail pour renseigner les autorités de tutelle en charge de la régulation de la diffusion de ces dispositifs. D’autre part, l’incrémentation prospective de ce type de données sur le long terme devrait nous permettre d’identifier des marqueurs prédictifs de réponse aux techniques de stimulation et ainsi d’affiner nos choix concernant l’utilisation de ces différentes thérapies. Toute la problématique de la douleur chronique et de son évaluation concerne également la subjectivité de cette sensation perçue de manière individuelle. Afin de quantifier le bénéfice potentiel d’une forme de stimulation non pas seulement sur une aire douloureuse, mais aussi sur l’individu qui la ressent et l’intègre, en aval, le recours à des méthodes de mesure objectives, reproductibles et fiables sera déterminant. À cet effet, l’utilisation d’un logiciel d’évaluation cartographique des régions douloureuses cibles et des paresthésies générées par la SME, couplée à une collecte des données patients, devrait permettre d’apporter certaines réponses pertinentes à ces questions.

Abstract

Spinal cord stimulation (SCS) is a treatment option with recognised efficacy for patients presenting with intense and chronic pain that is resistant to conventional treatments. Recent scientific and technological advances have resulted in a massive upsurge of medical devices on to the neurostimulation market. In addition to the multiplication of stimulation columns that have enabled new areas to be reached, which up until now had not been covered (in particular the back), new wave forms are being studied that are set to revolutionise the perception of paraesthesia itself, while still ensuring the efficacy of the technique. These impressions will need to be confirmed through properly conducted studies. In general, indicating spinal cord stimulation remains costly for our healthcare system and needs to be rationalised for subsequent patients who will receive implants in the future. In addition, the sharing of in-field experiences with each other, formalised by the creation of a solid clinical network, is a good first step, however it will also probably be necessary to centralise patient data in a large database. On the one hand, this data will serve as a tool for informing supervisory authorities responsible for the regulation and distribution of these devices. On the other hand, prospective incrementation of this type of data in the long term should enable us to identify markers to predict the response to stimulation techniques and also to refine our choices regarding the use of these different therapies. The whole problem with chronic pain and its assessment also involves the subjectivity of this sensation, which is perceived on an individual basis. In order to quantify the potential benefits of a form of stimulation, not only when it comes to pain, but also on the individual who experiences it, and, downstream, the integration of the use of objective, reproducible and reliable measurement methods will be determining factors. To this end, the use of mapping software to assess target pain regions and paraesthesia generated by SCS, combined with a collection of patient data, should enable relevant answers to these questions to be provided.

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Rigoard, P., Monlezun, O., Roulaud, M. et al. Mise au point. La stimulation médullaire en 2015. Douleur analg 28, 117–122 (2015). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11724-015-0430-3

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11724-015-0430-3

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