Skip to main content

Advertisement

SpringerLink
Log in

Imaging genetics in attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder and related neurodevelopmental domains: state of the art

  • Review Article
  • Published:
Brain Imaging and Behavior Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

Joint analysis of genetic and neuroimaging data, known as Imaging Genetics (IG), offers an opportunity to deepen our knowledge of the biological mechanisms of neurodevelopmental domains. There has been exponential growth in the literature on IG studies, which challenges the standardization of analysis methods in this field. In this review we give a complete up-to-date account of IG studies on attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and related neurodevelopmental domains, which serves as a reference catalog for researchers working on this neurological disorder. We searched MEDLINE/Pubmed and identified 37 articles on IG of ADHD that met our eligibility criteria. We carefully cataloged these articles according to imaging technique, genes and brain region, and summarized the main results and characteristics of each study. We found that IG studies on ADHD generally focus on dopaminergic genes and the structure of basal ganglia using structural Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI). We found little research involving multiple genetic factors and brain regions because of the scarce use of multivariate strategies in data analysis. IG of ADHD and related neurodevelopmental domains is still in its early stages, and a lack of replicated findings is one of the most pressing challenges in the field.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Log in via an institution

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Institutional subscriptions

Fig. 1
Fig. 2

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  • Aarts, E., van Holstein, M., Hoogman, M., Onnink, M., Kan, C., Franke, B., et al. (2015). Reward modulation of cognitive function in adult attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder: a pilot study on the role of striatal dopamine. Behavioural Pharmacology, 26(1–2), 227–240. doi:10.1097/FBP.0000000000000116.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • Baehne, C. G., Ehlis, A.-C., Plichta, M. M., Conzelmann, A., Pauli, P., Jacob, C., et al. (2009). Tph2 gene variants modulate response control processes in adult ADHD patients and healthy individuals. Molecular Psychiatry, 14(11), 1032–1039. doi:10.1038/mp.2008.39.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Bédard, A.-C., Schulz, K. P., Cook, E. H., Fan, J., Clerkin, S. M., Ivanov, I., et al. (2010). Dopamine transporter gene variation modulates activation of striatum in youth with ADHD. NeuroImage, 53(3), 935–942. doi:10.1016/j.neuroimage.2009.12.041.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Bis, J. C., DeCarli, C., Smith, A. V., van der Lijn, F., Crivello, F., Fornage, M., et al. (2012). Common variants at 12q14 and 12q24 are associated with hippocampal volume. Nature Genetics, 44(5), 545–551. doi:10.1038/ng.2237.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • Bobb, A. J., Addington, A. M., Sidransky, E., Gornick, M. C., Lerch, J. P., Greenstein, D. K., et al. (2005). Support for association between ADHD and two candidate genes: NET1 and DRD1. American Journal of Medical Genetics. Part B, Neuropsychiatric Genetics : The Official Publication of the International Society of Psychiatric Genetics, 134B(1), 67–72. doi:10.1002/ajmg.b.30142.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Braet, W., Johnson, K. A., Tobin, C. T., Acheson, R., McDonnell, C., Hawi, Z., et al. (2011). fMRI activation during response inhibition and error processing: the role of the DAT1 gene in typically developing adolescents and those diagnosed with ADHD. Neuropsychologia, 49(7), 1641–1650. doi:10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2011.01.001.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Bralten, J., Franke, B., Waldman, I., Rommelse, N., Hartman, C., Asherson, P., et al. (2013). Candidate genetic pathways for attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) show association to hyperactive/impulsive symptoms in children with ADHD. Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, 52(11), 1204–1212.e1. doi:10.1016/j.jaac.2013.08.020.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Brown, A. B., Biederman, J., Valera, E. M., Doyle, A. E., Bush, G., Spencer, T., et al. (2010). Effect of dopamine transporter gene (SLC6A3) variation on dorsal anterior cingulate function in attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder. American Journal of Medical Genetics. Part B, Neuropsychiatric Genetics : The Official Publication of the International Society of Psychiatric Genetics, 153B(2), 365–375. doi:10.1002/ajmg.b.31022.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Cao, H., Duan, J., Lin, D., Calhoun, V., & Wang, Y.-P. (2013). Integrating fMRI and SNP data for biomarker identification for schizophrenia with a sparse representation based variable selection method. BMC Medical Genomics, 6(Suppl 3), S2. doi:10.1186/1755-8794-6-S3-S2.

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • Cao, H., Duan, J., Lin, D., Shugart, Y. Y., Calhoun, V., & Wang, Y.-P. (2014). Sparse representation based biomarker selection for schizophrenia with integrated analysis of fMRI and SNPs. NeuroImage, 102(Pt 1), 220–228. doi:10.1016/j.neuroimage.2014.01.021.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Castellanos, F.X., Lau, E., Tayebi, N., Lee, P., Long, R.E., Giedd, J.N., Sharp, W., Marsh, W.L., Walter, J.M., Hamburger, S.D., Ginns, E.I., Rapoport, J.L., Sidransky, E. (1998). Lack of an association between a dopamine-4 receptor polymorphism and attentiondeficit/hyperactivity disorder: genetic and brain morphometric analyses. Retrieved September 9, 2015, from http://www.nature.com/mp/journal/v3/n5/pdf/4000430a.pdf?origin=publication_detail.

  • Chen, J., Calhoun, V. D., Pearlson, G. D., Ehrlich, S., Turner, J. A., Ho, B.-C., et al. (2012). Multifaceted genomic risk for brain function in schizophrenia. NeuroImage, 61(4), 866–875. doi:10.1016/j.neuroimage.2012.03.022.

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • Cheon, K.-A., Ryu, Y.-H., Kim, J.-W., & Cho, D.-Y. (2005). The homozygosity for 10-repeat allele at dopamine transporter gene and dopamine transporter density in Korean children with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder: relating to treatment response to methylphenidate. European Neuropsychopharmacology : The Journal of the European College of Neuropsychopharmacology, 15(1), 95–101. doi:10.1016/j.euroneuro.2004.06.004.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Cortese, S. (2012). The neurobiology and genetics of Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD): what every clinician should know. European Journal of Paediatric Neurology : EJPN : Official Journal of the European Paediatric Neurology Society, 16(5), 422–433. doi:10.1016/j.ejpn.2012.01.009.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • De Zeeuw, P., van Belle, J., van Dijk, S., Weusten, J., Koeleman, B., Janson, E., … Durston, S. (2013). Imaging gene and environmental effects on cerebellum in Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder and typical development. NeuroImage: Clinical, 2, 103–110. doi:10.1016/j.nicl.2012.11.010.

  • Durston, S. (2010). Imaging genetics in ADHD. Retrieved September 3, 2015, from http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20206707.

  • Durston, S., Fossella, J. A., Casey, B. J., Hulshoff Pol, H. E., Galvan, A., Schnack, H. G., et al. (2005). Differential effects of DRD4 and DAT1 genotype on fronto-striatal gray matter volumes in a sample of subjects with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder, their unaffected siblings, and controls. Molecular Psychiatry, 10(7), 678–685. doi:10.1038/sj.mp.4001649.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Durston, S., Fossella, J. A., Mulder, M. J., Casey, B. J., Ziermans, T. B., Vessaz, M. N., & Van Engeland, H. (2008). Dopamine transporter genotype conveys familial risk of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder through striatal activation. Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, 47(1), 61–67. doi:10.1097/chi.0b013e31815a5f17.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Faraone, S. V., & Mick, E. (2010). Molecular genetics of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder. The Psychiatric Clinics of North America, 33(1), 159–180. doi:10.1016/j.psc.2009.12.004.

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • Faraone, S. V., Sergeant, J., Gillberg, C., & Biederman, J. (2003). The worldwide prevalence of ADHD: is it an American condition? World Psychiatry: Official Journal of the World Psychiatric Association (WPA), 2(2), 104–113 Retrieved from http://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?artid=1525089&tool=pmcentrez&rendertype=abstract.

    Google Scholar 

  • Faraone, S. V., Bonvicini, C., & Scassellati, C. (2014). Biomarkers in the diagnosis of ADHD--promising directions. Current Psychiatry Reports, 16(11), 497. doi:10.1007/s11920-014-0497-1.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Fone, K. C. F., & Nutt, D. J. (2005). Stimulants: use and abuse in the treatment of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder. Current Opinion in Pharmacology, 5(1), 87–93. doi:10.1016/j.coph.2004.10.001.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Franke, B., Faraone, S. V., Asherson, P., Buitelaar, J., Bau, C. H. D., Ramos-Quiroga, J. A., et al. (2012). The genetics of attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder in adults, a review. Molecular Psychiatry, 17(10), 960–987. doi:10.1038/mp.2011.138.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Franke, B., Stein, J. L., Ripke, S., Anttila, V., Hibar, D. P., van Hulzen, K. J. E., et al. (2016). Genetic influences on schizophrenia and subcortical brain volumes: large-scale proof of concept. Nature Neuroscience, 19(3), 420–431. doi:10.1038/nn.4228.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • Gehricke, J.G., Swanson, J.M., Duong, S., Nguyen, J., Wigal, T.L., Fallon, J., et al. (2015) Increased brain activity to unpleasant stimuli in individuals with the 7R allele of the DRD4 gene. Psychiatry Res, 30;231(1), 58–63. doi:10.1016/j.pscychresns.2014.10.021.

  • Gizer, I. R., Ficks, C., & Waldman, I. D. (2009). Candidate gene studies of ADHD: a meta-analytic review. Human Genetics, 126(1), 51–90. doi:10.1007/s00439-009-0694-x.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Glahn, D. C., Paus, T., & Thompson, P. M. (2007). Imaging genomics: mapping the influence of genetics on brain structure and function. Human Brain Mapping, 28(6), 461–463. doi:10.1002/hbm.20416.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Hibar, D. P., Stein, J. L., Renteria, M. E., Arias-Vasquez, A., Desrivières, S., Jahanshad, N., et al. (2015). Common genetic variants influence human subcortical brain structures. Nature, 520(7546), 224–229. doi:10.1038/nature14101.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • Hong, S.-B., Zalesky, A., Park, S., Yang, Y.-H., Park, M.-H., Kim, B., et al. (2015). COMT genotype affects brain white matter pathways in attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder. Human Brain Mapping, 36(1), 367–377. doi:10.1002/hbm.22634.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Hoogman, M., Onnink, M., Cools, R., Aarts, E., Kan, C., Arias Vasquez, A., et al. (2013). The dopamine transporter haplotype and reward-related striatal responses in adult ADHD. European Neuropsychopharmacology : The Journal of the European College of Neuropsychopharmacology, 23(6), 469–478. doi:10.1016/j.euroneuro.2012.05.011.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Ioannidis, J. P. A. (2005). Why most published research findings are false. PLoS Medicine, 2(8), e124. doi:10.1371/journal.pmed.0020124.

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • Jamadar, S., Powers, N. R., Meda, S. A., Gelernter, J., Gruen, J. R., & Pearlson, G. D. (2011). Genetic influences of cortical gray matter in language-related regions in healthy controls and schizophrenia. Schizophrenia Research, 129(2–3), 141–148. doi:10.1016/j.schres.2011.03.027.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • Kabukcu Basay, B., Buber, A., Basay, O., Alacam, H., Ozturk, O., Suren, S., et al. (2016). White matter alterations related to attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder and COMT val(158)met polymorphism: children with valine homozygote attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder have altered white matter connectivity in the right cingulum. Neuropsychiatric Disease and Treatment, 12, 969–981. doi:10.2147/NDT.S104450.

    PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • Khadka, S., Pearlson, G. D., Calhoun, V. D., Liu, J., Gelernter, J., Bessette, K. L., & Stevens, M. C. (2016). Multivariate Imaging Genetics Study of MRI Gray Matter Volume and SNPs Reveals Biological Pathways Correlated with Brain Structural Differences in Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder. Frontiers in Psychiatry, 7, 128. doi:10.3389/fpsyt.2016.00128.

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • Kim, B.-N., Kim, J.-W., Kang, H., Cho, S.-C., Shin, M.-S., Yoo, H.-J., et al. (2010). Regional differences in cerebral perfusion associated with the alpha-2A-adrenergic receptor genotypes in attention deficit hyperactivity disorder. Journal of Psychiatry & Neuroscience : JPN, 35(5), 330–336. doi:10.1503/jpn.090168.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Krause, J., Dresel, S.H., Krause, K.-H., Fougère, C. La, Zill, P., Ackenheil, M. (2009). Striatal dopamine transporter availability and DAT-1 gene in adults with ADHD: no higher DAT availability in patients with homozygosity for the 10-repeat allele. The World Journal of Biological Psychiatry. Retrieved from http://www-tandfonline-com.sare.upf.edu/doi/abs/10.1080/15622970500518444#.VfA9PhG8PRY.

  • LaHoste, G. J., Swanson, J. M., Wigal, S. B., Glabe, C., Wigal, T., King, N., & Kennedy, J. L. (1996). Dopamine D4 receptor gene polymorphism is associated with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder. Molecular Psychiatry, 1(2), 121–124 Retrieved from http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9118321.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Lantieri, F., Glessner, J. T., Hakonarson, H., Elia, J., & Devoto, M. (2010). Analysis of GWAS top hits in ADHD suggests association to two polymorphisms located in genes expressed in the cerebellum. American Journal of Medical Genetics Part B: Neuropsychiatric Genetics, 153B(6), n/a–n/a. doi:10.1002/ajmg.b.31110.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Liu, J., & Calhoun, V. D. (2014). A review of multivariate analyses in imaging genetics. Frontiers in Neuroinformatics, 8, 29. doi:10.3389/fninf.2014.00029.

    PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • Liu, J., Pearlson, G., Windemuth, A., Ruano, G., Perrone-Bizzozero, N. I., & Calhoun, V. (2009). Combining fMRI and SNP data to investigate connections between brain function and genetics using parallel ICA. Human Brain Mapping, 30(1), 241–255. doi:10.1002/hbm.20508.

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • Loo, S. K., Specter, E., Smolen, A., Hopfer, C., Teale, P. D., & Reite, M. L. (2003). Functional effects of the DAT1 polymorphism on EEG measures in ADHD. Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, 42(8), 986–993. doi:10.1097/01.CHI.0000046890.27264.88.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Maher, B. (2008). Personal genomes: The case of the missing heritability. Nature, 456(7218), 18–21. doi:10.1038/456018a.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Manolio, T. A., Collins, F. S., Cox, N. J., Goldstein, D. B., Hindorff, L. A., Hunter, D. J., et al. (2009). Finding the missing heritability of complex diseases. Nature, 461(7265), 747–753. doi:10.1038/nature 08494.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • Meda, S. A., Jagannathan, K., Gelernter, J., Calhoun, V. D., Liu, J., Stevens, M. C., & Pearlson, G. D. (2010). A pilot multivariate parallel ICA study to investigate differential linkage between neural networks and genetic profiles in schizophrenia. NeuroImage, 53(3), 1007–1015. doi:10.1016/j.neuroimage.2009.11.052.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Meda, S. A., Narayanan, B., Liu, J., Perrone-Bizzozero, N. I., Stevens, M. C., Calhoun, V. D., et al. (2012). A large scale multivariate parallel ICA method reveals novel imaging-genetic relationships for Alzheimer’s disease in the ADNI cohort. NeuroImage, 60(3), 1608–1621. doi:10.1016/j.neuroimage.2011.12.076.

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • Meyer-Lindenberg, A. (2010). Imaging genetics of schizophrenia. Dialogues in Clinical Neuroscience, 12(4), 449–456 Retrieved from http://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?artid=3181991&tool=pmcentrez&rendertype=abstract.

    PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • Monuteaux, M. C., Seidman, L. J., Faraone, S. V., Makris, N., Spencer, T., Valera, E., et al. (2008). A preliminary study of dopamine D4 receptor genotype and structural brain alterations in adults with ADHD. American Journal of Medical Genetics. Part B, Neuropsychiatric Genetics : The Official Publication of the International Society of Psychiatric Genetics, 147B(8), 1436–1441. doi:10.1002/ajmg.b.30870.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Mounce, J., Luo, L., Caprihan, A., Liu, J., Perrone-Bizzozero, N. I., & Calhoun, V. D. (2014). Association of GRM3 polymorphism with white matter integrity in schizophrenia. Schizophrenia Research, 155(1–3), 8–14. doi:10.1016/j.schres.2014.03.003.

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • Mous, S. E., Hammerschlag, A. R., Polderman, T. J. C., Verhulst, F. C., Tiemeier, H., van der Lugt, A., et al. (2015). A Population-Based Imaging Genetics Study of Inattention/Hyperactivity: Basal Ganglia and Genetic Pathways. Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, 54(9), 745–752. doi:10.1016/j.jaac.2015.05.018.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Mulder, M. J., Baeyens, D., Davidson, M. C., Casey, B. J., van den Ban, E., van Engeland, H., & Durston, S. (2008). Familial vulnerability to ADHD affects activity in the cerebellum in addition to the prefrontal systems. Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, 47(1), 68–75. doi:10.1097/chi.0b013e31815a56dc.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Mulligan, R. C., Kristjansson, S. D., Reiersen, A. M., Parra, A. S., Anokhin, A. P. (2014). Neural correlates of inhibitory control and functional genetic variation in the dopamine D4 receptor gene. Neuropsychologia, 62, 306–318. doi:10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2014.07.033.

  • Neale, B. M., Lasky-Su, J., Anney, R., Franke, B., Zhou, K., Maller, J. B., et al. (2008). Genome-wide association scan of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder. American Journal of Medical Genetics. Part B, Neuropsychiatric Genetics : The Official Publication of the International Society of Psychiatric Genetics, 147B(8), 1337–1344. doi:10.1002/ajmg.b.30866.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Nymberg, C., Jia, T., Lubbe, S., Ruggeri, B., Desrivieres, S., Barker, G., et al. (2013). Neural mechanisms of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder symptoms are stratified by MAOA genotype. Biological Psychiatry, 74(8), 607–614. doi:10.1016/j.biopsych.2013.03.027.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Olfson, M. (1992). Diagnosing mental disorders in office-based pediatric practice. Journal of Developmental and Behavioral Pediatrics : JDBP, 13(5), 363–365 Retrieved from http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/1401121.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Onnink, A. M. H., Franke, B., van Hulzen, K., Zwiers, M. P., Mostert, J. C., Schene, A. H., et al. (2016). Enlarged striatal volume in adults with ADHD carrying the 9-6 haplotype of the dopamine transporter gene DAT1. Journal of Neural Transmission (Vienna, Austria : 1996), 123(8), 905–915. doi:10.1007/s00702-016-1521-x.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Paloyelis, Y., Mehta, M. A., Faraone, S. V., Asherson, P., & Kuntsi, J. (2012). Striatal sensitivity during reward processing in attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder. Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, 51(7), 722–732.e9. doi:10.1016/j.jaac.2012.05.006.

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • Papassotiropoulos, A., Stefanova, E., Vogler, C., Gschwind, L., Ackermann, S., Spalek, K., et al. (2013). A genome-wide survey and functional brain imaging study identify CTNNBL1 as a memory-related gene. Molecular Psychiatry, 18(2), 255–263. doi:10.1038/mp.2011.148.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Park, S., Hong, S.-B., Kim, J.-W., Yang, Y.-H., Park, M.-H., Kim, B.-N., … Cho, S.-C. (2013). White-Matter Connectivity and Methylphenidate-Induced Changes in Attentional Performance According to α2A–Adrenergic Receptor Gene Polymorphisms in Korean Children With Attention-Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder. The Journal of Neuropsychiatry and Clinical Neurosciences. Retrieved from http://neuro.psychiatryonline.org/doi/ref/10.1176/appi.neuropsych.12050121.

  • Polanczyk, G., de Lima, M. S., Horta, B. L., Biederman, J., & Rohde, L. A. (2007). The worldwide prevalence of ADHD: a systematic review and metaregression analysis. The American Journal of Psychiatry, 164(6), 942–948. doi:10.1176/ajp.2007.164.6.942.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Potkin, S. G., Turner, J. A., Guffanti, G., Lakatos, A., Fallon, J. H., Nguyen, D. D., et al. (2009). A genome-wide association study of schizophrenia using brain activation as a quantitative phenotype. Schizophrenia Bulletin, 35(1), 96–108. doi:10.1093/schbul/sbn155.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Risacher, S. L., Shen, L., West, J. D., Kim, S., McDonald, B. C., Beckett, L. A., et al. (2010). Longitudinal MRI atrophy biomarkers: relationship to conversion in the ADNI cohort. Neurobiology of Aging, 31(8), 1401–1418. doi:10.1016/j.neurobiolaging.2010.04.029.

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • Rohde, L. A., Roman, T., Szobot, C., Cunha, R. D., Hutz, M. H., & Biederman, J. (2003). Dopamine transporter gene, response to methylphenidate and cerebral blood flow in attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder: a pilot study. Synapse (New York, N.Y.), 48(2), 87–89. doi:10.1002/syn.10186.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Sánchez-Mora, C., Richarte, V., Garcia-Martínez, I., Pagerols, M., Corrales, M., Bosch, R., et al. (2015). Dopamine receptor DRD4 gene and stressful life events in persistent attention deficit hyperactivity disorder. American Journal of Medical Genetics. Part B, Neuropsychiatric Genetics : The Official Publication of the International Society of Psychiatric Genetics. doi:10.1002/ajmg.b.32340.

    Google Scholar 

  • Shaw, P., Gornick, M., Lerch, J., Addington, A., Seal, J., Greenstein, D., et al. (2007). Polymorphisms of the dopamine D4 receptor, clinical outcome, and cortical structure in attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder. Archives of General Psychiatry, 64(8), 921–931. doi:10.1001/archpsyc.64.8.921.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Shook, D., Brady, C., Lee, P. S., Kenealy, L., Murphy, E. R., Gaillard, W. D., et al. (2011). Effect of dopamine transporter genotype on caudate volume in childhood ADHD and controls. American Journal of Medical Genetics. Part B, Neuropsychiatric Genetics : The Official Publication of the International Society of Psychiatric Genetics, 156B(1), 28–35. doi:10.1002/ajmg.b.31132.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Stein, J. L., Hua, X., Lee, S., Ho, A. J., Leow, A. D., Toga, A. W., et al. (2010). Voxelwise genome-wide association study (vGWAS). NeuroImage, 53(3), 1160–1174. doi:10.1016/j.neuroimage.2010.02.032.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • Szobot, C., Roman, T., Cunha, R., Acton, P., Hutz, M., & Rohde, L. A. (2005). Brain perfusion and dopaminergic genes in boys with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder. American Journal of Medical Genetics. Part B, Neuropsychiatric Genetics : The Official Publication of the International Society of Psychiatric Genetics, 132B(1), 53–58. doi:10.1002/ajmg.b.30096.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Szobot, C. M., Roman, T., Hutz, M. H., Genro, J. P., Shih, M. C., Hoexter, M. Q., et al. (2011). Molecular imaging genetics of methylphenidate response in ADHD and substance use comorbidity. Synapse (New York, N.Y.), 65(2), 154–159. doi:10.1002/syn.20829.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Tarver, J., Daley, D., & Sayal, K. (2014). Attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD): an updated review of the essential facts. Child: Care, Health and Development, 40(6), 762–774. doi:10.1111/cch.12139.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Thompson, P. M., Stein, J. L., Medland, S. E., Hibar, D. P., Vasquez, A. A., Renteria, M. E., et al. (2014). The ENIGMA Consortium: large-scale collaborative analyses of neuroimaging and genetic data. Brain Imaging and Behavior, 8(2), 153–182. doi:10.1007/s11682-013-9269-5.

    PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • Tortajada-Genaro, L. A., Mena, S., Niñoles, R., Puigmule, M., Viladevall, L., & Maquieira, Á. (2016). Genotyping of single nucleotide polymorphisms related to attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder. Analytical and Bioanalytical Chemistry, 408(9), 2339–2345. doi:10.1007/s00216-016-9332-3.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Valera, E. M., Faraone, S. V., Murray, K. E., & Seidman, L. J. (2007). Meta-analysis of structural imaging findings in attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder. Biological Psychiatry, 61(12), 1361–1369. doi:10.1016/j.biopsych.2006.06.011.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • van der Meer, D., Hoekstra, P. J., Zwiers, M., Mennes, M., Schweren, L. J., Franke, B., et al. (2015). Brain Correlates of the Interaction Between 5-HTTLPR and Psychosocial Stress Mediating Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder Severity. The American Journal of Psychiatry, 172(8), appiajp201514081035. doi:10.1176/appi.ajp.2015.14081035.

    Google Scholar 

  • van Ewijk, H., Heslenfeld, D. J., Zwiers, M. P., Buitelaar, J. K., & Oosterlaan, J. (2012). Diffusion tensor imaging in attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Neuroscience and Biobehavioral Reviews, 36(4), 1093–1106. doi:10.1016/j.neubiorev.2012.01.003.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • van Rooij, D., Hoekstra, P. J., Bralten, J., Hakobjan, M., Oosterlaan, J., Franke, B., et al. (2015). Influence of DAT1 and COMT variants on neural activation during response inhibition in adolescents with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder and healthy controls. Psychological Medicine, 45(15), 3159–3170. doi:10.1017/S0033291715001130.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Vilor-Tejedor, N., Gonzalez, J. R., & Calle, M. L. (2015). Efficient and powerful method for combining p-values in Genome-wide Association Studies. IEEE/ACM Transactions on Computational Biology and Bioinformatics. doi:10.1109/TCBB.2015.2509977.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Vilor-Tejedor, N., Alemany, S., Forns, J., Cáceres, A., Murcia, M., Macià, D., et al. (2016). Assessment of Susceptibility Risk Factors for ADHD in Imaging Genetic Studies. Journal of Attention Disorders. doi:10.1177/1087054716664408.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Vounou, M., Janousova, E., Wolz, R., Stein, J. L., Thompson, P. M., Rueckert, D., & Montana, G. (2012). Sparse reduced-rank regression detects genetic associations with voxel-wise longitudinal phenotypes in Alzheimer’s disease. NeuroImage, 60(1), 700–716. doi:10.1016/j.neuroimage.2011.12.029.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Weiner, M. W., Veitch, D. P., Aisen, P. S., Beckett, L. A., Cairns, N. J., Cedarbaum, J., et al. (2015). Impact of the Alzheimer’s Disease Neuroimaging Initiative, 2004 to 2014. Alzheimer’s & Dementia : The Journal of the Alzheimer’s Association, 11(7), 865–884. doi:10.1016/j.jalz.2015.04.005.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Zayed, A., & Robinson, G. E. (2012). Understanding the relationship between brain gene expression and social behavior: lessons from the honey bee. Annual Review of Genetics, 46, 591–615. doi:10.1146/annurev-genet-110711-155517.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Zhang, L., Chang, S., Li, Z., Zhang, K., Du, Y., Ott, J., & Wang, J. (2012). ADHDgene: a genetic database for attention deficit hyperactivity disorder. Nucleic Acids Research, 40(Database issue), D1003–D1009. doi:10.1093/nar/gkr992.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Zhang, Z., Huang, H., & Shen, D. (2014). Integrative analysis of multi-dimensional imaging genomics data for Alzheimer’s disease prediction. Frontiers in Aging Neuroscience, 6, 260. doi:10.3389/fnagi.2014.00260.

    PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Download references

Acknowledgments

Natalia Vilor-Tejedor is funded by a pre-doctoral grant from the Agència de Gestió d’Ajuts Universitaris i de Recerca (2015 FI_B 00636), Generalitat de Catalunya - Fons Social Europeu. This research was also supported by grants MTM2015-68140-R from the Ministerio de Economía e Innovación (Spain) and the European Research Council under the ERC Grant Agreement number 268479. Also, the authors are grateful to Mireia Gascón and Mariona Bustamante for their support and advice.

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. ISGLOBAL, Centre for Research in Environmental Epidemiology, Barcelona, Spain

    Natàlia Vilor-Tejedor, Alejandro Cáceres, Jordi Sunyer & Juan R. González

  2. Universitat Pompeu Fabra (UPF), Barcelona, Spain

    Natàlia Vilor-Tejedor, Alejandro Cáceres, Jordi Sunyer & Juan R. González

  3. CIBER Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Barcelona, Spain

    Natàlia Vilor-Tejedor, Alejandro Cáceres, Jordi Sunyer & Juan R. González

  4. MRI Research Unit, Hospital del Mar, Barcelona, Spain

    Jesús Pujol

  5. Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental, CIBERSAM G21, Barcelona, Spain

    Jesús Pujol

  6. IMIM (Hospital del Mar Medical Research Institute), Barcelona, Spain

    Jordi Sunyer

Authors
  1. Natàlia Vilor-Tejedor
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. Alejandro Cáceres
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  3. Jesús Pujol
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  4. Jordi Sunyer
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  5. Juan R. González
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Natàlia Vilor-Tejedor.

Ethics declarations

This study was funded by a pre-doctoral grant from the Agència de Gestió d’Ajuts Universitaris i de Recerca (2015 FI_B 00636), Generalitat de Catalunya - Fons Social Europeu, grant MTM2015–68140-R from the Ministerio de Economía e Innovación (Spain) and the European Research Council under the ERC Grant Agreement number 268479.

Ethical approval

This article does not contain any studies with human participants or animals performed by any of the authors.

Electronic supplementary material

ESM 1

(XLSX 30 kb)

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this article

Vilor-Tejedor, N., Cáceres, A., Pujol, J. et al. Imaging genetics in attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder and related neurodevelopmental domains: state of the art. Brain Imaging and Behavior 11, 1922–1931 (2017). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11682-016-9663-x

Download citation

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11682-016-9663-x

Keywords

Search

Navigation