Abstract
Sexual dimorphisms within the human brain are well-documented. Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection is associated with atrophy and microstructural white matter alterations, yet sex-specific dimorphic brain alterations in persons living with HIV have not been systematically examined. To address this issue, we evaluated regional differences in normal-appearing white matter (NAWM) in adults with and without HIV utilizing diffusion tensor imaging. Through a voxel-by-voxel analytic approach, sexual dimorphisms in NAWM anisotropy and diffusivity were identified. In comparison to seronegative men and women, HIV infection contributed to a decline in the distribution of anisotropic differences between the sexes. Alterations in diffusivity were more complex, with seropositive women demonstrating an increase in regional diffusivity, while seropositive men demonstrated a reduction in regional differences. Sex by serostatus interactions within the left frontal lobe and bilateral thalamic region were identified. These results suggest that HIV contributes to sex-specific microstructural NAWM alterations, such that sex and serostatus differentially alter the integrity of the neuronal matrix.
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Acknowledgements
Data in this manuscript were collected at the Ruth M. Rothstein CORE Center for the Prevention, Care and Research of Infectious Diseases, a joint venture of the Cook County Bureau of Health Services and Rush University Medical Center. The study was supported by: NIA R21 AG23491 and a Rush University Medical Center-Cook County Collaborative Grant.
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References marked with an asterisk indicate HIV-associated studies reviewed for gender distributions.
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Smith, C.A., Stebbins, G.T., Bartt, R.E. et al. Gender Effects on HIV-Associated White Matter Alterations: A Voxel-Wise DTI Study. Brain Imaging and Behavior 2, 177–191 (2008). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11682-008-9024-5
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11682-008-9024-5