Abstract
Highly porous NiTi with isotropic pore morphology has been successfully produced by self-propagating high-temperature synthesis of elemental Ni/Ti metallic powders. The effects of adding urea and NaCl as temporary pore fillers were investigated on pore morphology, microstructure, chemical composition, and the phase transformation temperatures of specimens. These parameters were studied by optical microscopy, scanning electron microscopy, x-ray diffraction, and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). Highly porous specimens were obtained with up to 83% total porosity and pore sizes between 300 and 500 μm in diameter. Results show pore characteristics were improved from anisotropic to isotropic and pore morphology was changed from channel-like to irregular by adding pore filler powders. Furthermore, the highly porous specimens produced when using urea as a space holder, were of more uniform composition in comparison to NaCl. DSC results showed that a two-step martensitic phase transformation takes place during the cooling cycles and the austenite finish temperature (A f) is close to human body temperature. Compression test results reveal that the compressive strength of highly porous NiTi is about 155 MPa and recoverable strain about 6% in superelasticity regime.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
L.P. Lefebvre, J. Banhart, and D. Dunand, Porous Metals and Metallic Foams: Current Status and Recent Developments, Adv. Eng. Mater., 2008, 10(9), p 775–787
A. Bansiddhi, T.D. Sargeant, S.I. Stupp, and D.C. Dunand, Porous NiTi for Bone Implant: A Review, Acta Biomater., 2008, 4, p 773–782
M. Assad, F. Likibi, P. Jarzem, M.A. Leroux, C. Coillard, and C.H. Rivard, Porous Nitinol vs. Titanium Intervertebral Fusion Implants: Computer Tomography, Radiological and Histological Study of Osseointegration Capacity, Mat.-Wiss. u. Werkstofftech., 2004, 35, p 219–223
F. Likibi, M. Assad, C. Coillard, G. Chabot, and C.H. Rivard, Influence of Biomaterial Structure and Hardness on Its Osseo-integration: Histomorphometric Evaluation of Porous Nitinol and Titanium Implants, Eur. J. Orthop. Surg. Traumatol., 2005, 15, p 255–256
S.K. Sadrnezhaad and S.A. Hosseini, Fabrication of Porous NiTi-Shape Memory Alloy Objects by Partially Hydride Titanium Powder for Biomedical Applications, Mater. Des., 2009, 30, p 4483–4487
C.L. Chu, C.Y. Chung, P.H. Lin, and S.D. Wang, Fabrication of Porous NiTi Shape Memory Alloy for Hard Tissue Implants by Combustion Synthesis, Mater. Sci. Eng., A, 2004, 366, p 114–119
C. Greiner, S.M. Oppenheimer, and D.C. Dunand, High Strength, low Stiffness, Porous NiTi with Superelastic Properties, Acta Biomater., 2005, 1, p 705–716
Y. Zhao, M. Taya, Y. Kang, and A. Kawasaki, Compression Behavior of Porous NiTi Shape Memory Alloy, Acta Mater., 2005, 53, p 337–343
M. Kohl, M. Bram, P. Buchkremer, D. Stover, T. Habijan, and M. Koller, Production of Highly Porous Near-Net-Shape NiTi Components for Biomedical Applications, Metfoam Conference, 2007
C.L. Yeh and W.Y. Sung, Synthesis of NiTi Intermetallics by Self-Propagating Combustion, J. Alloys Compd., 2004, 376(1–2), p 79–88
C. Zanotti, P. Giuliani, A. Terrosua, S. Gennari, and F. Maglia, Porous Ni-Ti Ignition and Combustion Synthesis, Intermetallics, 2007, 15(3), p 404–412
I. Ganesh, R. Johnson, G.V.N. Rao, Y.R. Mahajana, S.S. Madavendr, and B.M. Reddy, Microwave-Assisted Combustion Synthesis of Nanocrystalline MgAl2O4 Spinel Powder, Ceram. Int., 2005, 31(1), p 67–74
B.Y. Tay, C.W. Goh, Y.W. Gu, C.S. Lim, M.S. Yong, M.K. Ho, and M.H. Myint, Porous NiTi Fabricated by Self-Propagating High-Temperature Synthesis of Elemental Powders, J. Mater. Process. Technol., 2008, 202, p 359–364
S.N. Denmud and L. Sikong, Characteristics and Compressive Properties of Porous NiTi Alloy Synthesized by SHS Technique, Mater. Sci. Eng., A, 2009, 515, p 93–97
Y.H. Li, L.J. Rong, and Y.Y. Li, Pore Characteristics of Porous NiTi Alloy Fabricated by Combustion Synthesis, J. Alloys Compd., 2001, 325, p 259–262
G. Tosuna, L. Ozler, M. Kaya, and N. Orhan, A Study on Microstructure and Porosity of NiTi Alloy Implants Produced by SHS, J. Alloys Compd., 2009, 487, p 605–611
C.L. Chu, C.Y. Chung, P.H. Lin, and S.D. Wang, Fabrication and Properties of Porous NiTi Shape Memory Alloys for Heavy Load-Bearing Medical Applications, J. Mater. Process. Technol., 2005, 169, p 103–107
A. Bansiddhi and D. Dunand, Shape-Memory NiTi Foams Produced by Solid-State Replication with NaF, Intermetallics, 2007, 15, p 1612–1622
M. Kaya, N. Orhan, and G. Tosun, Phase Transformation Behaviors of Porous NiTi SMA Fabricated as Hollow and Solid Cylinders by SHS, Mater. Sci. Technol., 2010, 26, p 522–527
M. Kaya, N. Orhan, and G. Tosun, The Effect of the Combustion Channels on the Compressive Strength of Porous NiTi Shape Memory Alloy Fabricated by SHS as Implant Material, Curr. Opin. Solid State Mater. Sci., 2010, 14, p 21–25
M. Kaya, N. Orhan, and B. Kurt, Effect of Solution Treatment Under Load on Microstructure and Fabrication of Porous NiTi Shape Memory Alloy by Self-Propagating High Temperature Synthesis, Powder Metall., 2009, 52, p 36–41
S.A. Hosseini, S.K. Sadrnezhaad, and A. Ekrami, Phase Transformation Behavior of Porous NiTi Alloy Fabricated by Powder Metallurgical Method, Mater. Sci. Eng., C, 2009, 29, p 2203–2207
D.L. Wise, Biocompatibility of Self-Reinforced Poly(lactide-co-glycolide) Implants, Biomaterials and Bioengineering Handbook, 1st ed., CRC Press, Boca Raton, 2000, p 625
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Hosseini, S.A., Alizadeh, M., Ghasemi, A. et al. Highly Porous NiTi with Isotropic Pore Morphology Fabricated by Self-Propagated High-Temperature Synthesis. J. of Materi Eng and Perform 22, 405–409 (2013). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11665-012-0289-x
Received:
Revised:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11665-012-0289-x