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The Development of Grain Structure During Axisymmetric Extrusion of AA3003 Aluminum Alloys

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Abstract

A mathematical model using the commercial finite element method software package DEFORM 2D was developed and validated to model extrusion of AA3xxx aluminum alloys rods. Using a simple approach based on the initial grain size and material flow during extrusion, the deformed grain thickness during and after extrusion could be predicted with good accuracy. The model predicted deformed grain thickness, which, in conjunction with knowledge of the subgrain size during deformation, was used to predict the occurrence of the creation of a different microstructure near the surface of the extrudate as compared to the centre. The model predicts with good accuracy the deformed grain thickness and how it varies spatially both through the diameter of the extruded rod and along its length. The model predicts that the deformed grain thickness decreases dramatically from the center to the surface of the extrudate and how this is impacted by the extrusion ratio. Applying a cutoff value of the subgrain size, allows the prediction of the critical radius beyond which a more granular microstructure occurs at the surface. Optical microscopy and orientation imaging microscopy of the extruded AA3xxx rods were used to validate the model predictions of the deformed grain structure, both in terms of the grain thickness and the critical radius, beyond which the microstructure becomes more granular close to the rod surface.

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Notes

  1. HKL Channel 5 is a trademark of Oxford Instruments plc.

  2. F. J. Humphreys, the University of Manchester.

  3. Scientific Forming Technologies Corporation (SFTC).

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Acknowledgments

The authors would like to gratefully acknowledge the financial support of NSERC (Canada) and Rio Tinto Alcan (RTA) and thank Dr. Joseph D. Robson and Liam Dwyer for helping on EBSD microscopy, and Prof. F. J. Humphreys for permission to use the VMAP software.

Author information

Author notes

  1. Lina Grajales (Metallurgical Lab Assistant)

    Present address: Highland Foundry Ltd., Surrey, BC, Canada

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Mechanical and Mechatronics Engineering Department, University of Waterloo, 200 University Avenue West, Waterloo, ON, N2L3G1, Canada

    Yahya Mahmoodkhani (Postdoctoral Fellow) & Mary A. Wells (Professor)

  2. Department of Materials Engineering, The University of British Columbia, 309-6350 Stores Road, Vancouver, BC, V6T1Z4, Canada

    Warren J. Poole (Professor and Department Head) & Lina Grajales (Metallurgical Lab Assistant)

  3. Rio Tinto Alcan, Arvida Research and Development Centre, Jonquiere, QC, G7S4L2, Canada

    Nick Parson (Scientific Principal)

Authors
  1. Yahya Mahmoodkhani
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  2. Mary A. Wells
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  3. Warren J. Poole
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  4. Lina Grajales
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  5. Nick Parson
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Corresponding author

Correspondence to Yahya Mahmoodkhani.

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Manuscript submitted on July 3, 2014.

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Mahmoodkhani, Y., Wells, M.A., Poole, W.J. et al. The Development of Grain Structure During Axisymmetric Extrusion of AA3003 Aluminum Alloys. Metall Mater Trans A 46, 5920–5932 (2015). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11661-015-3168-x

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11661-015-3168-x

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