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Three-Dimensional Characterization and Modeling of Microstructural Weak Links for Spall Damage in FCC Metals

  • Symposium: Dynamic Behavior of Materials VI
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Abstract

Local microstructural weak links for spall damage were investigated using three-dimensional (3-D) characterization in multicrystalline copper samples (grain size ≈ 450 µm) shocked with laser-driven plates at low pressures (2 to 4 GPa). The thickness of samples and flyer plates, approximately 1000 and 500 µm respectively, led to short pressure pulses that allowed isolating microstructure effects on local damage characteristics. Electron Backscattering Diffraction and optical microscopy were used to relate the presence, size, and shape of porosity to local microstructure. The experiments were complemented with 3-D finite element simulations of individual grain boundaries (GBs) that resulted in large damage volumes using crystal plasticity coupled with a void nucleation and growth model. Results from analysis of these damage sites show that the presence of a GB-affected zone, where strain concentration occurs next to a GB, correlates strongly with damage localization at these sites, most likely due to the inability of maintaining strain compatibility across these interfaces, with additional effects due to the inclination of the GB with respect to the shock. Results indicate that strain compatibility plays an important role on intergranular spall damage in metallic materials.

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Acknowledgments

This work was funded by LANL under the Laboratory Directed Research and Development (LDRD) program, award # 20060021DR, and by the Department of Energy, National Nuclear Security Administration (NNSA), under Grants # DE-FG52-06NA26169, DE-FG52-10NA29653, and DE-NA0002005. Eric Loomis, Pat Dickerson (LANL), Damian Swift (LLNL), David Wright, Karl Weiss, and Dallas Kingsbury (ASU) are thanked for their help during research work. Access to TRIDENT and the Electron Microscopy Lab at LANL, and the Center for High Resolution Electron Microscopy at ASU is gratefully acknowledged.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. School for Engineering of Matter, Transport and Energy, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, 85287, USA

    Kapil Krishnan, Andrew Brown, Leda Wayne, Johnathan Vo, Saul Opie, Harn Lim & Pedro Peralta

  2. Peac Institute of Multiscale Sciences, Chengdu, P.R. China

    Sheng-Nian Luo

  3. Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, NM, 87545, USA

    Darrin Byler, Kenneth J. McClellan, Aaron Koskelo & Robert Dickerson

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  1. Kapil Krishnan
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  2. Andrew Brown
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  3. Leda Wayne
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  7. Pedro Peralta
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Corresponding author

Correspondence to Pedro Peralta.

Additional information

Manuscript submitted April 6, 2014.

Appendix

Appendix

The material constants obtained from the calibration process are given below, listed in order of the equations where they are used.

Equation [5]: Reference shear strain rate \( \dot{\gamma }_{0} \) = 0.001 s−1 and rate sensitivity exponent m = 20

Equation [7]: Initial hardening modulus h 0 = 342 MPa, yield shear stress τ 0 = 26 MPa, which is in good agreement with the value of 22 MPa reported in Reference 38, stage I shear stress τ s = 90 MPa and latent hardening parameter q = 1.4.

Equation [8]: Kinematic hardening parameters k 1 = 104 MPa and k 2 = 185 MPa.

Equations [16]: parameters for the modified GTN damage model q 1 = 1.5 and q 02  = 0.5.

Equation [20]: statistical parameters for void nucleation f N = 0.04, s N = 0.1 and e N = 0.1.

Equation [21]: initial void volume fraction f 0 = 0.0001.

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Krishnan, K., Brown, A., Wayne, L. et al. Three-Dimensional Characterization and Modeling of Microstructural Weak Links for Spall Damage in FCC Metals. Metall Mater Trans A 46, 4527–4538 (2015). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11661-014-2667-5

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