Abstract
Gravelly soils are made up of gravel, sand, silt and clay. They are widely used in engineering applications such as rock-fill dams with clay cores, which are the main researches at present. The strength and mechanical properties of the gravelly soils are affected by the content of coarse grain, fine particles, and their adhesive states. These Properties can be verified by laboratory unconsolidatedundrained triaxial tests with grain size less than 5 mm and by large scale direct-shear tests with original grain content. Fine particles of the loose gravelly slopes are released under rainfalls, alternated the structures and mechanical properties, even affected the slope stability. There are a series of large scale direct-shear tests with different coarse grain contents to study the influence of fine particles releasing and migration, results showed the strength behavior of the gravelly soils were affected by the coarse grain content (P 5 ) and the inflection coarse grain contents. In order to study the erosion features of the gravelly soil slopes on rainfall conditions and the slopes stability alteration, we had carried out one sort of artificial rainfall local and model experiments, the runoff sediment contents were monitored during the experiments. Result showed that the shapes of the slopes surface transformed periodically, runoff sediment contents were divided into five phases according to the experiment phenomena, runoff sediment contents maintained downtrend during the rain time and the downtrend was obviously interpreted by one descend belt no matter the rainfall intensity and the slope angels. Particle size analysis released the deposit on the slope surface lost almost all of the clay, most of the silt and sand after the experiments, this meant the fine particles releasing, migration and accumulation process on condition of rainfall resulted in the instability factor of the slopes even induced landslide or debris flow.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Chen XQ, Cui P, Feng ZL, et al. (2006) Artificial Rainfall Experimental Study on Landslide Translation to debris flow. Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering 25(1): 106–116. DOI: 10. 1000/6915-01-0106-11 (In Chinese)
Du RH, Kang ZC, Chen XQ, Zhu PY (1987) A comprehensive Investigation and Control Planning For Debris Flow in the Xiaojiang River Basin of Yunnan Province. Chinese Publishing House of Science and Technology 136–141. (In Chinese)
Guo QG (1999) Research on the Mechanics Behavior and Application of the Gravelly Soils. Technology on water resources and hydropower. Yellow River Conservancy Press. (In Chinese)
Hu MJ, Wang R, Shen JH (2011). Rainfall, Landslide and Debris Flow Intergrowth Relationship in Jiangjia Ravine. Journal of Mountain Science 8: 603–610. DOI: 10.1007/s11629-011-2131-6
Hu MJ, Wang R, Zhang PC (2001) Primary research on the rainfall inspiring effect on landslide. Chinese Journal of Geotechnical Engineering 23(4): 454–457. DOI: 10. 1000/454 8-04-0454-04 (In Chinese)
Iverson RM (1997) The physics of debris flows. Reviews of Geophysics 35(3): 245–296.
Iverson RM, Reid MA, LaHusen RG (1997) Debris-flow mobilization from landslides. Annual Review of Earth and Planetary Sciences 25: 85–138.
Kramer SL, Seed HB (1988) Initiation of soil liquefaction under static loading conditions. Journal of Geotechnical Engineering 114(4): 412–430
Liu LY, Cui YH, Zhang GW (1998) The property of hydraulic fracture of wide grading gravelly soil. Chinese Journal of Engineering 20(3): 10–13. (In Chinese)
Major JJ, Iverson RM (1999) Debris-flow deposition: Effects of pore-fluid pressure and friction concentrated at flow margins. Geological Society of America Bulletin 111(10): 1424–1434.
Rao XB, He XM, Liu M (1999) Influence of coarse-grained content on engineering properties of gravelly soil. Journal of Yangtze River Scientific Research Institute 16(1): 21–25. (In Chinese)
Wang ZB, Wang R, Hu MJ, Chen ZX (2010) Characteristics of gravelly soil and their implications for slope instability in Jiangjiagou ravine. Rock and Soil Mechanics 31(Supp 2): 206–211. DOI: 10. 1000/7598-s2-0206-06 (In Chinese)
Wang ZB, Wang R, Hu MJ, et al. (2011) Effects of particle transport characteristics on permeability of soils from Jiangjiagou Ravine. Rock and Soil Mechanics 32(7): 2017–2024. DOI: 10. 1000/7598-07-2017-08 (In Chinese)
Wei HZ, Wang R, HU MJ, et al. (2008) Strength behaviour of gravelly soil with different coarse-grained contents in Jiangjiagou Ravine. Rock and Soil Mechanics in Chinese 29(1): 48–52. DOI: 10. 1000/7598-01-0048-05 (In Chinese)
Wei HZ, Wang R, HU MJ, XU XY (2008) Strength Behaviour of Gravelly Soil with Different Water Content in Jiangjiagou Ravine. Journal of Soil and Water Conservation 22(5): 221–224. DOI: 10. 1009/2242-05-0221-04 (In Chinese)
Wu JS, Kang ZC, Tian LQ (1990) Observation and Research of Jiangjia Ravine in Yunnan. Scientific publishing house. Beijing, China. pp 12–45. (In Chinese)
Wu JS, Kang ZC, Tian LQ, Zhang SC (1990) Observation Research on Debris Flow of Dongchuan, Yunnan Province. Chinese Publishing House of Science and Technology 136–141. (In Chinese)
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Hu, Mj., Pan, Hl., Wei, Hz. et al. Landslides & debris flows formation from gravelly soil surface erosion and particle losses in Jiangjia Ravine. J. Mt. Sci. 10, 987–995 (2013). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11629-012-2526-z
Received:
Accepted:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11629-012-2526-z