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Low-temperature sintering effects on NASICON-structured LiSn2P3O12 solid electrolytes prepared via citric acid-assisted sol-gel method

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Abstract

LiSn2P3O12 with sodium (Na) super ionic conductor (NASICON)-type rhombohedral structure was successfully obtained at low sintering temperature, 600 °C via citric acid-assisted sol-gel method. However, when the sintering temperature increased to 650 °C, triclinic structure coexisted with the rhombohedral structure as confirmed by X-ray diffraction analysis. Conductivity–temperature dependence of all samples were studied using impedance spectroscopy in the temperature range 30 to 500 °C, and bulk, grain boundary and total conductivity increased as the temperature increased. The highest bulk conductivity found was 3.64 × 10−5 S/cm at 500 °C for LiSn2P3O12 sample sintered at 650 °C, and the lowest bulk activation energy at low temperature was 0.008 eV, showing that sintering temperature affect the conductivity value. The voltage stability window for LiSn2P3O12 sample sintered at 600 °C at ambient temperature was up to 4.4 V. These results indicated the suitability of the LiSn2P3O12 to be exploiting further for potential applications as solid electrolytes in electrochemical devices.

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Acknowledgments

The authors would like to extend their gratitude towards University of Malaya for allowing this research to be carried out. This work was supported by the Fundamental Research Grant Scheme, FP006-2013B, by the Ministry of Higher Education, Malaysia. A highly gratitude goes to Universiti Teknologi Mara (UiTM) and the Ministry of Higher Education, Malaysia, for the scholarship under SLAI given to Nur Amalina Mustaffa.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Institute of Graduate Studies, University of Malaya, 50603, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia

    N. A. Mustaffa

  2. Faculty of Applied Sciences, Universiti Teknologi MARA, 40450, Selangor, Malaysia

    N. A. Mustaffa

  3. Centre for Foundation Studies in Science, University of Malaya, 50603, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia

    S. B. R. S. Adnan, M. Sulaiman & N. S. Mohamed

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  1. N. A. Mustaffa
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  2. S. B. R. S. Adnan
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  3. M. Sulaiman
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  4. N. S. Mohamed
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Correspondence to N. A. Mustaffa or N. S. Mohamed.

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Mustaffa, N.A., Adnan, S.B.R.S., Sulaiman, M. et al. Low-temperature sintering effects on NASICON-structured LiSn2P3O12 solid electrolytes prepared via citric acid-assisted sol-gel method. Ionics 21, 955–965 (2015). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11581-014-1257-2

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