Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

Formation of graphene nanoplatelet-like structures on carbon–ceramic electrode surface: application for simultaneous determination of sunset yellow and tartrazine in some food samples

  • Original Paper
  • Published:
Ionics Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

Carbon–ceramic electrode modified with 1-allyl-3-methyl imidazolium tetraflouroborate ionic liquid was constructed. Scanning electron microscopy, X-ray diffraction analysis), energy dispersive X-ray analysis proved that the deposition of ionic liquid on the surface of carbon–ceramic electrode caused formation of graphene nanoplatelet-like structures on its surface. This electrode was used for simultaneous electrochemical determination of sunset yellow (SY) and tartrazine (Tz). Operational parameters such as pH of solution and ionic liquid volume which affected the analytical performance of modified electrode were optimized. The present electrode exhibited linear response to SY and Tz in concentration range of 1 × 10−7–1.5 × 10−5 M and 1 × 10−7–2 × 10−5 M with a detection limit of 7.3 × 10−8 M and 8.1 × 10−8 M, respectively. The high repeatability, reproducibility, long-term life time, and low response time (<3 s) are advantages of modified electrode. The modified electrode was successfully applied for simultaneous determination of SY and Tz in different food samples, and the results were in good agreement with those obtained from HPLC method.

ᅟ

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Log in via an institution

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Institutional subscriptions

Fig. 1
Fig. 2
Fig. 3
Fig. 4
Fig. 5
Fig. 6
Fig. 7
Fig. 8
Fig. 9
Fig. 10

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  1. Zou T, He P, Yasen A, Li Z (2013) Determination of seven synthetic dyes in animal feeds and meat by high performance liquid chromatography with diode array and tandem mass detectors. Food Chem 138:1742–1748

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  2. Ghoreishi SM, Behpour M, Golestaneh M (2012) Simultaneous determination of sunset yellow and tartrazine in soft drinks using gold nanoparticles carbon paste electrode. Food Chem 132:637–641

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  3. Tanaka T (2006) Reproductive and neurobehavioural toxicity study of tartrazine administered to mice in the diet. Food Chem Toxicol 44:179–187

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  4. Sayar S, Ozdemir Y (1998) First-derivative spectrophotometric determination of ponceau 4R, sunset yellow and tartrazine in confectionery products. Food Chem 61:367–372

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  5. Khanavi M, Hajimahmoodi M, Ranjbar AM, Oveisi MR, MR S a, Mogaddam G (2011) Development of a green chromatographic method for simultaneous determination of food colorants. Food Anal Method 5:408–415

    Article  Google Scholar 

  6. Dinc E, Baydan E, Kanbur M, Onur F (2002) Spectrophotometric multicomponent determination of sunset yellow, tartrazine and allura red in soft drink powder by double divisor-ratio spectra derivative, inverse least-squares and principal component regression methods. Talanta 58:579–594

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  7. Llamas NE, Garrido M, Nezio MSD, Band BSF (2009) Second order advantage in the determination of amaranth, sunset yellow FCF and tartrazine by UV–vis and multivariate curve resolution-alternating least squares. Anal Chim Acta 655:38–42

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  8. Silva MLS, Garcia MBQ, Lima JLFC, Barrado E (2007) Voltammetric determination of food colorants using a polyallylamine modified tubular electrode in a multicommutated flow system. Talanta 72:282–288

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  9. Lopez-de-Alba PL, Martinez LL, De-Leon-Rodriguez LM (2002) Simultaneous determination of synthetic dyes tartrazine, allura red and sunset yellow by differential pulse polarography and partial least squares. A multivariate calibration method. Electroanalysis 14:197–205

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  10. Zhang W, Liu T, Zheng X, Huang W, Wan C (2009) Surface-enhanced oxidation and detection of sunset yellow and tartrazine using multi-walled carbon nanotubes film-modified electrode. Colloids Surf B 74:28–31

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  11. Abu Shawish HM, Abu Ghalwa N, Saadeh SM, El Harazeen H (2013) Development of novel potentiometric sensors for determination of tartrazine dye concentration in foodstuff products. Food Chem 138:126–132

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  12. Kubisa P (2004) Application of ionic liquids as solvents for polymerization processes. Prog Polym Sci 29:3–12

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  13. Zhu Z, Qu L, Li X, Zeng Y, Sun W, Huang X (2010) Direct electrochemistry and electrocatalysis of hemoglobin with carbon nanotube–ionic liquid–chitosan composite materials modified carbon ionic liquid electrode. Electrochim Acta 55:5959–5965

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  14. Terrones M, Botello-Mendez AR, Campos-Delgado J, Lopez-Urias F, Veg-Cantu YI, Rodriguez-Macias FJ, Laura Elias A, Munoz-Sandoval E, Cano-Marquez AG, Charlier J-C, Terrones H (2010) Graphene and graphite nanoribbons: morphology, properties, synthesis, defects and applications. Nano Today 5:351–372

    Article  Google Scholar 

  15. Mallesha M, Manjunatha R, Nethravathi C, Shivappa Suresh G, Rajamathi M, Savio Melo J, Venkatarangaiah Venkatesha T (2011) Functionalized-graphene modified graphite electrode for the selective determination of dopamine in presence of uric acid and ascorbic acid. Biogeosciences 81:104–108

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  16. Yong Ha S, Kim S (1999) Preparation and characterization of sol–gel derived carbon composite ceramic electrodes: electrochemical and XANES study of nitrite reduction. J Electroanal Chem 468:131–138

    Article  Google Scholar 

  17. Rabinovich L, Lev O (2001) Sol–gel derived composite ceramic carbon electrodes. Electroanalysis 13:265–275

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  18. Min G-H, Yim T, Yeong Lee H, Ho Huh D, Lee E, Mun J, Oh SM, Gyu Kim Y (2006) Synthesis and properties of ionic liquids: imidazolium tetrafluoroborates with unsaturated side chains. Bull Korean Chem 27:847–852

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  19. Alves P, Mares Brum SD, Branco C, de Andrade E, Duarte Pereira Netto A (2008) Determination of synthetic dyes in selected foodstuffs by high performance liquid chromatography with UV-DAD detection. Food Chem 107:489–496

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  20. Majidi MR, Fadakar Bajeh Baj R, Naseri A (2013) Carbon nanotube-ionic liquid nanocomposite modified carbon–ceramic electrode for determination of dopamine in real samples. Cent Eur J Chem 11:1172–1186

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  21. Wang X, Fulvio PF, Baker GA, Veith GM, Unocic RR, Mahurin SM, Chi M, Dai S (2010) Direct exfoliation of natural graphite into micrometre size few layers graphene sheets using ionic liquids. Chem Commun 46:4487–4489

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  22. Hernandez Y, Nicolosi V, Lotya M, Blighe FM, Sun ZY, De S, McGovern IT, Holland B, Byrne M, Gun’ko YK, Boland JJ, Niraj P, Duesberg G, Krishnamurthy S, Goodhue R, Hutchison J, Scardaci V, Ferrari AC, Coleman JN (2008) High-yield production of graphene by liquid-phase exfoliation of graphite. Nat Nanotechnol 3:563–568

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  23. Tunckol M, Durand J, Serp P (2012) Carbon nanomaterial–ionic liquid hybrids. Carbon 50:4303–4334

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  24. Kaur B, Pandiyan T, Aatpati B, Srivastava R (2013) Simultaneous and sensitive determination of ascorbic acid, dopamine, uric acid, and tryptophan with silver nanoparticles-decorated reduced graphene oxide modified electrode. Colloids Surf B 111:97–106

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  25. Collity BD (1978) Elements of X-ray diffraction (Addison Wesely)

  26. Maleki N, Safavi A, Tajabadi F (2007) Investigation of the role of ionic liquids in imparting electrocatalytic behavior to carbon paste electrode. Electroanalysis 19:2247–2250

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  27. Liu H, He P, Li Z, Sun C, Hi L, Liu Y, Zhu G, Li J (2005) An ionic liquid-type carbon paste electrode and its polyoxometalate-modified properties. Electrochem Commun 7:1357–1363

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  28. Laviron E (1979) The use of linear potential sweep voltammetry and of A.C. voltammetry for the study of the surface electrochemical reaction of strongly adsorbed systems and of redox modified electrodes. J Electroanal Chem 100:263–270

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  29. Miller JC, Miller JN (2010) Statistics and chemometrics for analytical chemistry. Edinburgh Gate Harlow: Pearson Education Limited. Sixth edition, pp. 118–121

  30. Medeiros RA, Lourencao BC, Rocha-Filho RC, Fatibello-Filho O (2012) Simultaneous voltammetric determination of synthetic colorants in food using a cathodically pretreated boron-doped diamond electrode. Talanta 97:291–297

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  31. Medeiros RA, Lourencao BC, Rocha-Filho RC, Fatibello-Filho O (2012) Flow injection simultaneous determination of synthetic colorants in food using multiple pulse amperometric detection with a boron-doped diamond electrode. Talanta 99:883–889

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  32. Majidi MR, Fadakar Bajeh Baj R, Naseri A (2013) Carbon nanotube–ionic liquid (CNT–IL) nanocomposite modified sol–gel derived carbon–ceramic electrode for simultaneous determination of sunset yellow and tartrazine in food samples. Food Anal Method 6:1388–1397

    Article  Google Scholar 

  33. Gan T, Sun J, Meng W, Song L, Zhang Y (2013) Electrochemical sensor based on graphene and mesoporous TiO2 for the simultaneous determination of trace colourants in food. Food Chem 141:3731–3737

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

Download references

Acknowledgments

The authors are grateful to Prof. Mir Ali Farajzadeh from Tabriz University and to Ms. Rasoolzadeh from Drug Applied Research Center of Tabriz University of Medical Sciences for their help in the determination of dyes by HPLC method.

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Tabriz, Tabriz, 51664, Iran

    Mir Reza Majidi, Mohammad Hossein Pournaghi-Azar, Reza Fadakar Bajeh Baj & Abdolhossein Naseri

Authors
  1. Mir Reza Majidi
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. Mohammad Hossein Pournaghi-Azar
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  3. Reza Fadakar Bajeh Baj
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  4. Abdolhossein Naseri
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Mir Reza Majidi.

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this article

Majidi, M.R., Pournaghi-Azar, M.H., Fadakar Bajeh Baj, R. et al. Formation of graphene nanoplatelet-like structures on carbon–ceramic electrode surface: application for simultaneous determination of sunset yellow and tartrazine in some food samples. Ionics 21, 863–875 (2015). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11581-014-1223-z

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Revised:

  • Accepted:

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11581-014-1223-z

Keywords

Search

Navigation