Abstract
The diversity and characteristics of species within Inocybe section Inocybe Singer were investigated in Finland. As a result, 11 species are described here as new: Inocybe acutoides, I. amicta, I. boreocarelica, I. bufonia, I. ericetorum, I. kittilensis, I. lapponica, I. paludicola, I. porcorum, I. pseudoteraturgus, and I. silvae-herbaceae. Detailed macroscopic and microscopic descriptions, habitat information, and ITS sequence data are included. The new species are compared with each other and with similar species within the section, and a key is provided for the European boreal species. The types of Inocybe acuta, I. alpigenes, I. borealis, I. cicatricata, I. giacomi, I. heterochrominea, I. hinnulea, I. johannae, I. proximella, I. purpureobadia, I. putilla, I. striaepes, I. taxocystis, I. teraturgus, I. tetragonospora, and I. umbrinodisca are treated. The often poorly understood Inocybe acuta, I. borealis, I. giacomi, and I. proximella, as well as the recently described I. purpureobadia, are characterised on the basis of our own material. Inocybe borealis, I. giacomi, and I. purpureobadia are reported from the boreal zone for the first time. Inocybe borealis appears to be a remarkably variable species. Inocybe striata and I. umbrinodisca are reduced to synonyms of I. proximella, I. heterochrominea is reduced to a synonym of I. borealis, and I. tetragonospora to a synonym of I. alpigenes. In addition, Inocybe hinnulea and I. striaepes are reduced to synonyms of I. giacomi, and the previously supposed synonymy of I. johannae with I. giacomi is supported by ITS analysis.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Bizio E, Marchetti M (1998) Le Inocybe dell`Abate Bresadola (attraverso gli autori successive e revision di material d´erbario), seconda parte. Boll Gruppo Micol G Bresadola Nuova Serie 41(67–90):135–144
Bizio E, Rossi C (2002) Descrizione di Quattro Inocybe del saliceto nano rinvenute in Val di Sole. Pagini Micol 17(Suppl 1):25–44
Bon M (1976) Novitates. Doc Mycol 6:41–46
Bon M (1979) Inocybes rares, critiques ou nouveaux dans le Nord de la France. Sydowia Beih 8:76–97
Breitenbach J, Kränzlin F (2000) Pilze der Schweiz, Band 5, Blätterpilze 3. Teil, Cortinariaceae. Mykologia, Luzern
Bresadola G (1927–33) Iconographia Mycologica. Milano
Buyck B, Eyssartier G (1999) Two new species of Inocybe (Cortinariaceae) from African woodland. Kew Bull 54:675–681
Cailleux A (1981) Code des couleurs des sols. Boubée
Cubeta MA, Echandi E, Albernethy T, Vilgalys R (1991) Characterization of anastomosis groups of binucleate Rhizoctonia species using restriction analysis of an amplified ribosomal RNA gene. Phytopathology 81:1395–1400
Esteve-Raventós F (1987) Contribution to the knowledge of the Spanish species of Inocybe. I ) Some species with nodulose spores. Doc Mycol 17:15–26
Esteve-Raventós F, Caballero Moreno A (2009) Especies nuevas e interesantes del género Inocybe (Inocybaceae, Basidiomycetes) en la Comunidad de La Rioja (España Peninsular). Taxones con esporas nodulosas (I). Fungi Non Delin 47:1–128
Favre J (1955) Les champignons supérieurs de la zone alpine du Parc National Suisse. Ergeb Wiss Unters schweiz Natl 33:1–212
Ferrari E (2006) Inocybe alpine e subalpine. Il genere Inocybe (Fr.) nel nord Italia e paesi limitrofi. Fungi Non Delin 34–36:1–457
Gardes M, Bruns TD (1993) ITS primers with enhanced specificity for basidiomycetes – application to the identification of mycorrhizae and rusts. Mol Ekol 2:113–118
Gminder A (2010) Die Grosspilze Baden-Württembergs, Band 5: Ständerpilze: Blätterpilze III. Ulmer, Stuttgart
Grund DW, Stuntz DE (1983) Nova Scotian Inocybes, VII. Mycol 75:257–270
Heim R (1931) Le Genre Inocybe, Encyclopedie Mycologique 1. Paris
Horak E (1979) Astrosporina (Agaricales) in Indomalaya and Australasia. Pers 10:157–205
Horak E (1987) Astrosporina in the alpine zone of the Swiss National Park (SNP) and adjacent regions. In: Arctic and alpine mycology II: Proceedings of the Second International Symposium of Arctic and Alpine Mycology. New York, pp. 205–234
Jacobsson S (2008) Inocybe (Fr.) Fr. In: Knudsen H, Vesterholt J (eds) Funga Nordica, Agaricoid, boletoid and cyphelloid genera. Nordsvamp, Copenhagen, pp 868–906
Jacobsson S, Vauras J (1989) Inocybe rivularis, a new boreal agaric. Windahlia 18:15–24
Kauffman CH (1924) Inocybe. N Am Flora 10:227–260
Knudsen H, Vesterholt J (eds) (2008) Funga Nordica, Agaricoid, boletoid and cyphelloid genera. Nordsvamp, Copenhagen
Kobayashi T (2002) The taxonomic studies of the genus Inocybe. Nova Hedwig Beih 124:1–246
Kühner R (1988) Diagnoses de quelques nouveaux Inocybes récoltés en zone alpine de la Vanoise (Alpes françaises). Doc Mycol 19:1–27
Kühner R, Boursier J (1932) Notes sur le genre Inocybe, 1) Les inocybes goniosporés (suite). Bull Soc Mycol Fr 48:118–161
Kühner R, Romagnesi H (1953) Flore analytique des champignons supérieurs (Agarics, bolets, chantarelles). Paris
Küppers H (1981) DuMont's Farben-Atlas, 2nd edn. DuMont, Köln
Küppers H (1999) DuMont's Farbenatlas, 7th edn. DuMont Buchverlag, Köln
Lange J (1917) Studies in the Agarics of Denmark, Part III, Pluteus, Collybia, Inocybe. Dan Bot Ark Bd.2 No.7: 1–47
Lange M (1957) Macromycetes, Part III, I. Greenland Agaricales (pars) macromycetes caeteri, II. Ecological and plant geographical studies. Medd Grønl 148:1–125
Larsson E, Ryberg M, Moreau P-A, Delcuse Mathiesen Å, Jacobsson S (2009) Taxonomy and evolutionary relationships within species of section Rimosae (Inocybe) based on ITS, LSU and mtSSU sequence data. Persoonia 23:86–98
Matheny PB (2005) Improving phylogenetic inference of mushrooms with RPB1 and RPB2 nucleotide sequences (Inocybe; Agaricales). Mol Phylogenet Evol 35:1–20
Matheny PB, Kropp BR (2001) A revision of the Inocybe lanuginosa group and allied species in North America. Sydowia 53:93–139
Matheny PB, Moreau P-A (2009) A rare and unusual lignicolous species of Inocybe (Agaricales) from eastern North America. Brittonia 61:163–171
Matheny PB, Aime MC, Henkel TW (2003) New species of Inocybe from Dicymbe forests of Guyana. Mycol Res 107:495–505
McNeill J, Barrie FR, Burdet HM, Demoulin V, Hawksworth DL, Marhold K, Nicolson DH, Prado J, Silva PC, Skog JE, Wiersema JH, Turland NJ (2006) International code of botanical nomenclature (Vienna Code). Gantner, Ruggell
Miller OK Jr (1987) Higher fungi in tundra and subalpine tundra from the Yukon territory and Alaska. In: Arctic and alpine mycology II: Proceedings of the Second International Symposium of Arctic and Alpine Mycology. New York, pp. 287–297
Moser M (1978) Die Röhrlinge and Blätterpilze (Polyporales, Boletales, Agaricales, Russulales), 4. Auflage. Gustav Fischer, Stuttgart
Moser M (1992) On two interesting species of Inocybe from Sweden. Persoonia 14:571–576
Peck C (1884) Report of the Botanist. Annu Rep N Y State Mus Nat Hist 38:77–138
Peck C (1906) Report of the state botanist. N Y State Mus Bull 105:1–106
Rehner SA, Samuels GJ (1995) Molecular Systematics of the Hypocreales: a teleomorph gene phylogeny and the status of their anamorph. Can J Bot 73(Suppl 1):816–823
Rödel T, Vesper A (2009) Inocybe boltonii HEIM und Inocybe giacomi FAVRE ex BON−zwei seltene, oft verkannte höckerigsporige Risspilze. Boletus 31:111–125
Romagnesi H (1989) Quelques synonymies méconnues. Bull Soc Mycol Fr 105:253–257
Ryberg M, Larsson E, Jacobsson S (2010) An evolutionary perspective on morphological and ecological characters in the mushroom forming family Inocybaceae (Agaricomycotina, Fungi). Mol Phylogenet Evol 55:431–442
Singer R (1962) Monographs of South American Basidiomycetes, especially those of the east slope of the Andes and Brazil. 4. Inocybe in the Amazone region, with a supplement to part 1 (Pluteus in South America). Sydowia 15:112–132
Singer R, Araujo I, Ivory MH (1983) The ectotrophically mycorrhizal fungi of the neotropical lowlands, especially Central Amazonia. Beih Nova Hedwig 77:1–339
Sjörs H (2004) Regionality. In: Jonsell B (ed) Flora Nordica, General Volume. The Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences, Stockholm, pp 87–100
Stangl J (1976) Die eckigsporigen Risspilze (2). Z Pilzkd 42:15–32
Stangl J, Enderle M (1983) Bestimmungsschlüssel für europäische eckigsporige Risspilze. Z Mykol 49:111–136
Tamura K, Petersen D, Petersen N, Stecher G, Nei M, Kumar S (2011) MEGA5: Molecular Evolutionary Genetics Analysis using Maximum Likelihood, Evolutionary Distance, and Maximum Parsimony Methods. Mol Biol Evol (In Press)
White TJ, Bruns T, Lee S, Taylor J (1990) Amplification and direct sequencing of fungal ribosomal RNA genes for phylogenetics. In: Innis MA, Gelfand DH, Sninsky JJ, White TJ (eds) PCR protocols: a guide to methods and applications. Academic, San Diego, pp 315–322
Acknowledgments
We gratefully acknowledge Ilkka Kytövuori, Enrico Bizio, Stig Jacobsson, and Fernando Esteve-Raventós for contributing specimens for our study. Thanks are extended to Esteri Ohenoja (OULU), and the curators of the herbaria AH, C, G, GB, H, IB, K, MICH, PC, WTU, and ZT for sending loans. Johann Stangl† contributed many identifications of Finnish Inocybe specimens of TUR, TUR-A, OULU, H, and KUO. Seppo Huhtinen is acknowledged for important practical help, Ruth Newell for information about the type of I. heterochrominea in ACAD, Karen Hansen and Emanuele Campo for information about the type of I. putilla, and P. Brandon Matheny and an anonymous reviewer for their comments.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Electronic supplementary material
Below is the link to the electronic supplementary material.
Fig. S1
Inocybe acutoides. Holotype. Photograph J. Vauras (JPEG 308 kb)
Fig. S2
Inocybe borealis. Finland, Kuusamo, Kokkonen & Vauras 26948F. Photograph J. Vauras (JPEG 157 kb)
Fig. S3
Inocybe borealis. Norway, Svalbard, Huhtinen 83/281. Photograph S. Huhtinen (JPEG 329 kb)
Fig. S4
Inocybe bufonia. Finland, Kuusamo, Vauras & Kokkonen 69/09. Photograph J. Vauras (JPEG 250 kb)
Fig. S5
Inocybe bufonia. Finland, Nurmes, Vauras & Kokkonen, 60/10. Photograph K. Kokkonen (JPEG 942 kb)
Fig. S6
Inocybe bufonia, subgroup 1. Finland, Valtimo, Kokkonen 44/09. Photograph K. Kokkonen (JPEG 250 kb)
Fig. S7
Inocybe bufonia, subgroup 1. Kokkonen 165/03. Photograph K. Kokkonen (JPEG 178 kb)
Fig.S8
Inocybe boreocarelica. Finland, Nurmes, Kokkonen 19/09. Photograph K. Kokkonen (JPEG 247 kb)
Fig. S9
Inocybe silvae-herbaceae. Holotype. Photograph J. Vauras (JPEG 258 kb)
Fig. S10
Inocybe silvae-herbaceae. Finland, Paltamo, Vauras 27582F. Photograph J. Vauras (JPEG 812 kb)
Fig. S11
Inocybe amicta. Finland, Kuopio, Vauras 570. Photograph J. Vauras (JPEG 197 kb)
Fig. S12
Inocybe amicta. Finland, Kuusamo, Kokkonen 44/10. Photograph K. Kokkonen (JPEG 807 kb)
Fig. S13
Inocybe amicta. Kokkonen 32/10. Photograph K. Kokkonen (JPEG 689 kb)
Fig. S14
Inocybe ericetorum. Finland, Kesälahti, Vauras 22506F. Photograph J. Vauras (JPEG 931 kb)
Fig. S15
Inocybe pseudoteraturgus. Finland, Houtskari, Vauras 14266F. Photograph J. Vauras (JPEG 963 kb)
Fig. S16
Inocybe pseudoteraturgus. Finland, Kuusamo, Vauras 26939F. Photograph J. Vauras (JPEG 272 kb)
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Kokkonen, K., Vauras, J. Eleven new boreal species of Inocybe with nodulose spores. Mycol Progress 11, 299–341 (2012). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11557-011-0783-9
Received:
Revised:
Accepted:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11557-011-0783-9