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Zentrale Einflussfaktoren der betrieblichen Gesundheitsförderung

Ein systematischer Literaturreview

Central influencing factors in workplace health promotion

A systematic literature review

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Zusammenfassung

Hintergrund

Kenntnisse der Einflussfaktoren zur Durchführung von Maßnahmen der betrieblichen Gesundheitsförderung (BGF) sind sowohl in der Forschung als auch in der Praxis wesentlich für erfolgreiche Interventionen. Wissen über diese Faktoren kann erfahrungsbasiert sein oder mittels wissenschaftlicher Methoden erhoben werden. Vorrangige Ziele der Arbeit waren daher die Identifizierung von empirischen Einflussfaktoren für die Durchführung von BGF-Forschungsprojekten sowie deren Gegenüberstellung mit jenen aus Praxisprojekten, um dadurch Erfolgsfaktoren für die Durchführung von BGF-Interventionen aufzeigen zu können.

Methode

Ein systematischer Review wurde durchgeführt. Die Auswahl und Analyse der evaluierten BGF-Forschungsprojekte erfolgte in Anlehnung an eine Übersichtsarbeit zu Einflussfaktoren in Praxisprojekten. Anhand vordefinierter Kriterien bestimmten zwei Reviewer unabhängig voneinander über den Ein-/Ausschluss der 798 identifizierten Artikel. Schließlich wurden 53 Volltexte in die Analyse eingeschlossen, Einflussfaktoren identifiziert, extrahiert und einer Themenanalyse unterzogen.

Ergebnisse

Förderliche und hinderliche Einflussfaktoren wurden in den Themenbereichen Kontextfaktoren zur Projektimplementierung‚ Eigenschaften des Betriebs und der Intervention, sowie Eigenschaften und Erwartungen der Umsetzer und der Teilnehmer zusammengefasst.

Diskussion

Jene Faktoren, die als förderlich und hinderlich in Forschungs- und Praxisprojekten identifiziert wurden, können als Erfolgsfaktoren für BGF-Projekte betrachtet werden: die Arbeitsumgebung und organisationale Strukturen, die Unterstützung der Intervention durch das Management, Interventionskonzept und -material, die Abstimmung der Intervention mit vorhandenen Strukturen und Prozessen, die Interaktion unter den Beteiligten sowie Beteiligung, Motivation und Ressourcen der Zielgruppe.

Abstract

Background

Knowledge about factors influencing the operation of workplace health promotion measures (WHP) is essential for successful interventions, both in research and in practice. Evidence for these factors can be based not only on experience, but also derived using empirical methods. Thus, the overarching aims of this study were to identify empirically collected factors influencing WHP research projects and to compare them with results derived from practice-based projects in order to determine key success factors for the realization of WHP projects.

Methods

A systematic review was conducted. Selection of the evaluated WHP-research projects and analysis were in line with an overview on influencing factors in practice-based projects. Based on predefined criteria, two researchers independently identified 798 relevant articles, of which 53 met the inclusion criteria. Influencing factors were extracted and subjected to thematic analysis.

Results

Influencing factors were summarized into contextual and project management issues, characteristics of the organization, the intervention as well as characteristics and expectations of participants (target group) and implementers.

Discussion

The following factors that were identified as facilitating and hindering both in research and practice-based projects can be regarded as key success factors for the execution of WHP projects: work environment and organizational structures; support of the intervention by management; intervention approach and material; fit of the intervention with existing structures and processes; interaction among stakeholders; as well as participation, motivation, and resources of the target group.

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Abb. 1

Notes

  1. Aus Gründen der Lesbarkeit wird auf die gleichzeitige Verwendung männlicher und weiblicher Sprachformen verzichtet. Sämtliche Personenbezeichnungen gelten gleichermaßen für beide Geschlechter.

  2. http://www.fgoe.org/der-fonds (18.04.2014).

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  1. Ludwig Boltzmann Institut Health Promotion Research, Untere Donaustraße 47, 3. OG, B09, 1020, Wien, Österreich

    Daniela Rojatz, Almas Merchant & Martina Nitsch

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  1. Daniela Rojatz
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Correspondence to Daniela Rojatz.

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Rojatz, D., Merchant, A. & Nitsch, M. Zentrale Einflussfaktoren der betrieblichen Gesundheitsförderung. Präv Gesundheitsf 10, 134–146 (2015). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11553-015-0488-z

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