Dark energy and fate of the Universe

Abstract

We explore the ultimate fate of the Universe by using a divergence-free parametrization for dark energy w(z)=w ₀+w _a [ln(2 + z) / (1 + z) − ln 2]. Unlike the Chevallier-Polarski-Linder parametrization, this parametrization has well behaved, bounded behavior for both high redshifts and negative redshifts, and thus can genuinely cover many theoretical dark energy models. After constraining the parameter space of this parametrization by using the current cosmological observations, we find that, at the 95.4% confidence level, our Universe can still exist at least 16.7 Gyr before it ends in a big rip. Moreover, for the phantom energy dominated Universe, we find that a gravitationally bound system will be destroyed at a time ${{t \simeq P\sqrt {2\left| {1 + 3w( - 1)} \right|} } \mathord{\left/ {\vphantom {{t \simeq P\sqrt {2\left| {1 + 3w( - 1)} \right|} } {\left[ {6\pi \left| {1 + w( - 1)} \right|} \right]}}} \right. \kern-\nulldelimiterspace} {\left[ {6\pi \left| {1 + w( - 1)} \right|} \right]}}$, where P is the period of a circular orbit around this system, before the big rip.