Abstract
Multi-Layered Satellite Network (MLSN), especially LEO/MEO satellite network, consisting of low and medium earth orbit satellites, is capable of providing higher coverage and better service than single-layered one. Its performance in deployment, however, is mainly encumbered by obsolete routing protocols and algorithms. This paper takes the predictability of satellite movements into consideration, based on which a novel routing protocol Predictable Satellite Network Routing Protocol (PSNRP)—is proposed. In this protocol, every topology change due to satellite movement is either described as a predictable or an unpredictable change. On the basis of PSNRP, we import a heuristic routing algorithm for satisfying Quality-of-Service (QoS) requirements from network users, which is convinced as a Non-deterministic Polynomial Complete problem. The QoS requirements in this paper mainly refer to end-to-end delay, bandwidth and package loss rate. In addition to obtaining better routing performance, PSNRP successfully allocates calculation tasks evenly among all nodes, separates user data from protocol control data and achieves stronger robustness against satellite failures and link congestions. The superiority of our routing scheme is proved by simulation results.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Elbert B R. The satellite communication application handbook. Norwood: Artech House, 2004
Wang J F, Lei L, Zhou M T. Topological dynamics characterization for LEO satellite networks. Comput Networks, 2007, 51: 43–53
Chang H S, Kim B W, Lee C G, et al. FSA-based link assignment and routing in low-earth orbi satellite networks. IEEE T Vehicular Technol, 1998, 47: 1037–1048
Werner M, Delucchi C, Vegel H J, et al. ATM-based routing in LEO/MEO satellite networks with intersatellite links. IEEE J Selected Areas Commun, 1997, 15: 69–82
Gounder V V, Prakash R Abu-Amara H. Routing in LEO-based satellite networks. In: Proceedings of Wireless Commun Syst, 1999 IEEE Emerging Technologies Symposium, 1999. 22.1–22.6
Hashimoto Y, Sarikaya B. Design of IP-based Routing in a LEO Satellite Network. In: Proceedings of Third International Workshop on Satellite-Based Information Services, Dallas, 1998. 81–88
Ekici E, Akyildiz I F, Bender M D. Datagram routing algorithmfor LEO satellite networks. In: Proceedings of IEEE Nineteenth Annual Joint Conference of the IEEE Computer and Communications Societies (INFOCOM 2000), IEEE, 2000. 2: 500–508
Zhou Y H, Sun F C, Zhang B. A novel QoS routing protocol for LEO and MEO satellite networks. Int J Satellite Commun Networking, 2007, 25: 603–617
Reeves C R. Modern heuristic techniques for combitiorial problems. Oxford: Blackwell Scientific Publications, 1993
Long F. Research on Satellite Network Robust QoS-aware Routing. Dissertation for Ph.D. Degree, Beijing: Tsinghua University, 2010
Fischer D, Basin D, Engel T. Topology Dynamics and Routing for Predictable Mobile Networks. In: Proceedings of IEEE International Conference on Network Protocols, IEEE, 2008. 207–217
Akyildiz I F, Ekici E, Bender M D. MLSR: a novel routing algorithm for multilayered satellite IP networks. IEEE/ACM Trans Networking, 2002, 10: 411–424
Chen C, Ekici E. A Routing Protocol for hierarchical LEO/MEO satellite IP networks. Wireless Networks, 2005, 11: 507–521
Lu Y, Sun F C, Zhao Y J. Virtual topology for LEO satellite networks based on earth-fixed footprint mode. IEEE Commun Lett, 2013, 17: 357–360
Lu Y, Zhao Y J, Sun F C, et al. Dynamic fault-tolerant routing based on FSA for LEO satellite networks. IEEE Trans Comput, 2013, 62: 1495–1958
North J, Hoskin M. The Fontana history of astronomy and cosmology. Journal for the History of Astronomy, 1995, 26: 83
Long F, Xiong N X, Vasilakos A V, et al. A sustainable heuristic QoS routing algorithm for pervasive multi-layered satellite wireless networks. Wireless Networks, 2010, 16: 1657–1673
Moy J. OSPF protocol analysis. RFC 1245, 1991
Atmel Cooperation. TSC695F SPARC 32-bit Space Processor: User Manual, 2003
Glover F. Future paths for integer programming and links to artificial intelligence. Comput Operations Res, 1986, 13: 533–549
Karaboga D, Gorkemli B, Ozturk C, et al. A comprehensive survey: artificial bee colony (ABC) algorithm and applications. Artif Intell Rev, 2012: 1–37
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Liu, H., Sun, F. Routing for predictable Multi-Layered Satellite Networks. Sci. China Inf. Sci. 56, 1–18 (2013). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11432-013-5014-3
Received:
Accepted:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11432-013-5014-3