Skip to main content
Log in

A linear varying coefficient ARCH-M model with a latent variable

  • Articles
  • Published:
Science China Mathematics Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

Motivated by the psychological factor of time-varying risk-return relationship, this article studies a linear varying coefficient ARCH-M model with a latent variable. Due to the unobservable property of the latent variable, a corrected likelihood method is employed for parametric estimation. Estimators are proved to be consistent and asymptotically normal under certain regularity conditions. A simple test statistic is also proposed for testing latent variable effect. Simulation results confirm that the proposed estimators and test perform well. The model is further applied to examine whether the risk-return relationship depends on investor’s sentiment in American Market and some explainable results are obtained.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  1. Anderson T W, Amemiya Y. The asymptotic normal distribution of estimators in factor analysis under general conditions. Ann Statist, 1988, 16: 759–771

    Article  MathSciNet  MATH  Google Scholar 

  2. Andrews D W K. Generic uniform convergence. Econom Theory, 1992, 8: 241–257

    Article  MathSciNet  Google Scholar 

  3. Ang A, Hodrick R J, Xing Y. The cross-section of volatility and expected returns. J Financ, 2006, 61: 11–20

    Article  Google Scholar 

  4. Backus D, Gregory A. Theoretical relations between risk premiums and conditional variances. J Bus Econom Statist, 1993, 11: 177–185

    Google Scholar 

  5. Bailie R T, De Gennaro R P. Stock return and volatility. J Financ Quant Anal, 1990, 25: 203–214

    Article  Google Scholar 

  6. Baker M, Wurgler J. Investor sentiment and the cross-section of stock returns. J Financ, 2006, 6: 1645–1680

    Article  Google Scholar 

  7. Baker M, Wurgler J. Investor sentiment in the stock market. J Econom Perspect, 2007, 21: 129–151

    Article  Google Scholar 

  8. Baker M, Wurgler J, Yuan Y. Global, local and contagious investor sentiment. J Financ Econom, 2012, 104: 272–287

    Article  Google Scholar 

  9. Ball T G, Yan X M, Zhang Z. Does idiosyncratic risk really matter? J Financ, 2005, 60: 905–929

    Article  Google Scholar 

  10. Black F. Noise. J Financ, 1986, 41: 529–543

    Article  Google Scholar 

  11. Bollen K A. Structural Equations with Latent Variables. New York: John Wiley and Sons, 1989

    Book  MATH  Google Scholar 

  12. Bosq D. Nonparametric Statistics for Stochastic Processes. New York: Springer, 1996

    Book  MATH  Google Scholar 

  13. Brandt M W, Kang Q. On the relationship between the conditional mean and volatility of stock returns: A latent VAR approach. J Financ Econom, 2004, 72: 217–257

    Article  Google Scholar 

  14. Brown G W, Cliff M T. Investor sentiment and the near-term stock market. J Empir Financ, 2004, 11: 1–27

    Article  Google Scholar 

  15. Brown T A. Confirmatory Factor Analysis for Applied Research. New York: The Guildford Press, 2006

    Google Scholar 

  16. Browne M W, Arminger G. Handbook of Statistical Modeling for the Social and Behavioral Sciences. New York: The Plenum Press, 1995

    Google Scholar 

  17. Campbell J, Cochrane J. Explaining the poor performance of consumption based asset pricing models. J Financ, 2000, 55: 2863–2878

    Article  Google Scholar 

  18. Campbell J F, Hentschel L. No news is good news: An asymmetric model of changing volatility in stock. J Financ Econom, 1992, 31: 281–318

    Article  Google Scholar 

  19. Chou R, Engle R F, Kane A. Measuring risk aversion from excess returns on a stock index. J Econometrics, 1992, 52: 201–224

    Article  Google Scholar 

  20. Christensen B J, Dahl C M, Iglesias E M. Semiparametric inference in a GARCH-in-mean model. J Econometrics, 2012, 167: 458–472

    Article  MathSciNet  Google Scholar 

  21. Daniel K, Hirshleifer D, Subranhmanyam A. Overconfidence, arbitrage and equilibrium asset pricing. J Financ, 2001, 56: 921–965

    Article  Google Scholar 

  22. Das S, Sarker N. Is the relative risk aversion parameter constant over time? A multi-country study. Empir Econom, 2010, 38: 605–617

    Article  Google Scholar 

  23. DeLong J, Shleifer A, Summers L H, et al. Noise trader risk in financial markets. J Politeh Econom, 1990, 98: 703–738

    Article  Google Scholar 

  24. Engle R F, Lilien D M, Robins R P. Estimating time varying risk premia in the term structure: The ARCH-M model. Econometrica, 1987, 55: 391–407

    Article  Google Scholar 

  25. Fama E F, French K R. Business conditions and expected returns on stock and bonds. J Financ Econom, 1989, 25: 23–49

    Article  Google Scholar 

  26. Fisher K L, Statman M. Investor sentiment and stock returns. Financ Anal J, 2000, 56: 16–23

    Article  Google Scholar 

  27. French K R, William S, Robert F S. Expected stock returns and volatility. J Financ Econom, 1987, 19: 3–29

    Article  Google Scholar 

  28. Gimennz P, Bolfarine H. Corrected score functions in classical error-in-variables and incidental parameter models. Aust J Stat, 1997, 39: 325–344

    Article  MathSciNet  MATH  Google Scholar 

  29. Glosten L R, Jagannathan R, Runkle D E. On the relationship between the expected value and the volatility of the nominal excess return on stocks. J Financ, 1993, 48: 1779–1801

    Article  Google Scholar 

  30. Guiso L, Sapienza P, Zingales L. Time varying risk aversion. Gen Inform, 2013, 32: 432–441

    Google Scholar 

  31. Hong H, Stein J. A unified theory of underreaction, momentum trading, and overreaction in asset markets. J Financ, 1999, 54: 2143–2184

    Article  Google Scholar 

  32. Kling G, Gao L. Chinese institutional investors’ sentiment. J Int Financ Markets Inst Money, 2008, 18: 374–387

    Article  Google Scholar 

  33. Kosorok M R. Introduction to Empirical Processes and Semiparametric Inference. New York: Springer, 2006

    MATH  Google Scholar 

  34. Kothari S P, Shanken J. Book-to-market, dividend yield, and expected market returns: A time-series analysis. J Financ Econom, 1997, 44: 169–203

    Article  Google Scholar 

  35. Lee S Y. Structural Equation Modeling: A Bayesian Approach. New Jersey: Wiley, 2007

    Book  Google Scholar 

  36. Lee W Y, Jiang C X, Indro D C. Stock market volatility, excess returns and the role of investor sentiment. J Bank Financ, 2002, 26: 2277–2299

    Article  Google Scholar 

  37. Ling S Q. Estimation and testing of stationarity for double autoregressive models. J Roy Stat Soc B, 2004, 66: 63–78

    Article  MathSciNet  MATH  Google Scholar 

  38. Ling S Q. A double AR(p) model: Structure and estimation. Stat Sinica, 2007, 17: 161–175

    MathSciNet  MATH  Google Scholar 

  39. Linton O, Perron B. The shape of the risk premium: Evidence from a semiparametric GARCH model. J Bus Econom Statist, 2003, 21: 354–367

    Article  MathSciNet  Google Scholar 

  40. Menzly L, Santos T, Veronesi P. Understanding predictability. J Polit Econom, 2004, 112: 1–47

    Article  Google Scholar 

  41. Nakamura T. Corrected score function for errors-in-variables models: Methodology and application to generalized linear models. Biometrika, 1990, 77: 127–137

    Article  MathSciNet  MATH  Google Scholar 

  42. Neal R, Wheatley S. Do measures of investor sentiment predict stock returns. J Financ Quant Anal, 1998, 34: 523–547

    Article  Google Scholar 

  43. Nelson D B. ARCH models as diffusion approximations. J Econometrics, 1990, 45: 7–38

    Article  MathSciNet  MATH  Google Scholar 

  44. Shapiro A. Asymptotic distribution theory in the analysis of covariance structures (a unified approach). South African Statist J, 1983, 17: 33–81

    MathSciNet  MATH  Google Scholar 

  45. Shefrin H. Behavioralizing finance. Found Trends Financ, 2010, 4: 1–184

    Article  MathSciNet  Google Scholar 

  46. Shleifer A. Inefficient Markets: An Introduction to Behavioral Finance. Oxford: Oxford University press, 2000

    Book  Google Scholar 

  47. Verma R, Verma P. Noise trading and stock market volatility. J Multinational Financ Manag, 2007, 17: 231–243

    Article  Google Scholar 

  48. Wang J C, Wang X Q. Structural Equation Modeling: Applications Using Mplus. Beijing: Higher Education Press, 2012

    Book  MATH  Google Scholar 

  49. Xing X, Howe J S. The empirical relationship between risk and return: Evidence from the UK stock market. Int Rev Financ Anal, 2003, 12: 329–346

    Article  Google Scholar 

  50. Yang L. A semiparametric GARCH model for foreign exchange volatility. J Econometrics, 2006, 130: 365–384

    Article  MathSciNet  MATH  Google Scholar 

  51. Yu J F, Yuan Y. Investor sentiment and the mean-variance relation. J Financ Econom, 2011, 100: 367–381

    Article  Google Scholar 

  52. Yuan K H, Bentler P M. Structural equation modeling. In: Rao C R, Sinharay S, eds. Handbook of Statistics, vol. 26. Amsterdam: North-Holland, 2007, 297–358

    Google Scholar 

  53. Yuan K H, Hayashi K. Standard errors in covariance structure models: Asymptotics versus bootstrap. British J Math Statist Psych, 2006, 59: 397–417

    Article  MathSciNet  Google Scholar 

  54. Zhang X F, Wong H, Li Y. A functional coefficient GARCH-M model. Comm Statist Theory Methods, 2015, doi: 10.1080/03610926.2014.906615

    Google Scholar 

  55. Zhang X F, Wong H, Li Y, et al. An alternative GARCH-in-mean model: Structure and estimation. Comm Statist Theory Methods, 2013, 42: 1821–1838

    Article  MathSciNet  MATH  Google Scholar 

  56. Zhong X P, Wei B C, Fung W K. Influence analysis for linear measurement error models. Ann Inst Statist Math, 2000, 52: 367–379

    Article  MathSciNet  MATH  Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Corresponding author

Correspondence to XingFa Zhang.

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this article

Song, Z., Zhang, X., Li, Y. et al. A linear varying coefficient ARCH-M model with a latent variable. Sci. China Math. 59, 1795–1814 (2016). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11425-016-5151-4

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Accepted:

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11425-016-5151-4

Keywords

MSC(2010)

Navigation