Abstract
Motivated by the psychological factor of time-varying risk-return relationship, this article studies a linear varying coefficient ARCH-M model with a latent variable. Due to the unobservable property of the latent variable, a corrected likelihood method is employed for parametric estimation. Estimators are proved to be consistent and asymptotically normal under certain regularity conditions. A simple test statistic is also proposed for testing latent variable effect. Simulation results confirm that the proposed estimators and test perform well. The model is further applied to examine whether the risk-return relationship depends on investor’s sentiment in American Market and some explainable results are obtained.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Anderson T W, Amemiya Y. The asymptotic normal distribution of estimators in factor analysis under general conditions. Ann Statist, 1988, 16: 759–771
Andrews D W K. Generic uniform convergence. Econom Theory, 1992, 8: 241–257
Ang A, Hodrick R J, Xing Y. The cross-section of volatility and expected returns. J Financ, 2006, 61: 11–20
Backus D, Gregory A. Theoretical relations between risk premiums and conditional variances. J Bus Econom Statist, 1993, 11: 177–185
Bailie R T, De Gennaro R P. Stock return and volatility. J Financ Quant Anal, 1990, 25: 203–214
Baker M, Wurgler J. Investor sentiment and the cross-section of stock returns. J Financ, 2006, 6: 1645–1680
Baker M, Wurgler J. Investor sentiment in the stock market. J Econom Perspect, 2007, 21: 129–151
Baker M, Wurgler J, Yuan Y. Global, local and contagious investor sentiment. J Financ Econom, 2012, 104: 272–287
Ball T G, Yan X M, Zhang Z. Does idiosyncratic risk really matter? J Financ, 2005, 60: 905–929
Black F. Noise. J Financ, 1986, 41: 529–543
Bollen K A. Structural Equations with Latent Variables. New York: John Wiley and Sons, 1989
Bosq D. Nonparametric Statistics for Stochastic Processes. New York: Springer, 1996
Brandt M W, Kang Q. On the relationship between the conditional mean and volatility of stock returns: A latent VAR approach. J Financ Econom, 2004, 72: 217–257
Brown G W, Cliff M T. Investor sentiment and the near-term stock market. J Empir Financ, 2004, 11: 1–27
Brown T A. Confirmatory Factor Analysis for Applied Research. New York: The Guildford Press, 2006
Browne M W, Arminger G. Handbook of Statistical Modeling for the Social and Behavioral Sciences. New York: The Plenum Press, 1995
Campbell J, Cochrane J. Explaining the poor performance of consumption based asset pricing models. J Financ, 2000, 55: 2863–2878
Campbell J F, Hentschel L. No news is good news: An asymmetric model of changing volatility in stock. J Financ Econom, 1992, 31: 281–318
Chou R, Engle R F, Kane A. Measuring risk aversion from excess returns on a stock index. J Econometrics, 1992, 52: 201–224
Christensen B J, Dahl C M, Iglesias E M. Semiparametric inference in a GARCH-in-mean model. J Econometrics, 2012, 167: 458–472
Daniel K, Hirshleifer D, Subranhmanyam A. Overconfidence, arbitrage and equilibrium asset pricing. J Financ, 2001, 56: 921–965
Das S, Sarker N. Is the relative risk aversion parameter constant over time? A multi-country study. Empir Econom, 2010, 38: 605–617
DeLong J, Shleifer A, Summers L H, et al. Noise trader risk in financial markets. J Politeh Econom, 1990, 98: 703–738
Engle R F, Lilien D M, Robins R P. Estimating time varying risk premia in the term structure: The ARCH-M model. Econometrica, 1987, 55: 391–407
Fama E F, French K R. Business conditions and expected returns on stock and bonds. J Financ Econom, 1989, 25: 23–49
Fisher K L, Statman M. Investor sentiment and stock returns. Financ Anal J, 2000, 56: 16–23
French K R, William S, Robert F S. Expected stock returns and volatility. J Financ Econom, 1987, 19: 3–29
Gimennz P, Bolfarine H. Corrected score functions in classical error-in-variables and incidental parameter models. Aust J Stat, 1997, 39: 325–344
Glosten L R, Jagannathan R, Runkle D E. On the relationship between the expected value and the volatility of the nominal excess return on stocks. J Financ, 1993, 48: 1779–1801
Guiso L, Sapienza P, Zingales L. Time varying risk aversion. Gen Inform, 2013, 32: 432–441
Hong H, Stein J. A unified theory of underreaction, momentum trading, and overreaction in asset markets. J Financ, 1999, 54: 2143–2184
Kling G, Gao L. Chinese institutional investors’ sentiment. J Int Financ Markets Inst Money, 2008, 18: 374–387
Kosorok M R. Introduction to Empirical Processes and Semiparametric Inference. New York: Springer, 2006
Kothari S P, Shanken J. Book-to-market, dividend yield, and expected market returns: A time-series analysis. J Financ Econom, 1997, 44: 169–203
Lee S Y. Structural Equation Modeling: A Bayesian Approach. New Jersey: Wiley, 2007
Lee W Y, Jiang C X, Indro D C. Stock market volatility, excess returns and the role of investor sentiment. J Bank Financ, 2002, 26: 2277–2299
Ling S Q. Estimation and testing of stationarity for double autoregressive models. J Roy Stat Soc B, 2004, 66: 63–78
Ling S Q. A double AR(p) model: Structure and estimation. Stat Sinica, 2007, 17: 161–175
Linton O, Perron B. The shape of the risk premium: Evidence from a semiparametric GARCH model. J Bus Econom Statist, 2003, 21: 354–367
Menzly L, Santos T, Veronesi P. Understanding predictability. J Polit Econom, 2004, 112: 1–47
Nakamura T. Corrected score function for errors-in-variables models: Methodology and application to generalized linear models. Biometrika, 1990, 77: 127–137
Neal R, Wheatley S. Do measures of investor sentiment predict stock returns. J Financ Quant Anal, 1998, 34: 523–547
Nelson D B. ARCH models as diffusion approximations. J Econometrics, 1990, 45: 7–38
Shapiro A. Asymptotic distribution theory in the analysis of covariance structures (a unified approach). South African Statist J, 1983, 17: 33–81
Shefrin H. Behavioralizing finance. Found Trends Financ, 2010, 4: 1–184
Shleifer A. Inefficient Markets: An Introduction to Behavioral Finance. Oxford: Oxford University press, 2000
Verma R, Verma P. Noise trading and stock market volatility. J Multinational Financ Manag, 2007, 17: 231–243
Wang J C, Wang X Q. Structural Equation Modeling: Applications Using Mplus. Beijing: Higher Education Press, 2012
Xing X, Howe J S. The empirical relationship between risk and return: Evidence from the UK stock market. Int Rev Financ Anal, 2003, 12: 329–346
Yang L. A semiparametric GARCH model for foreign exchange volatility. J Econometrics, 2006, 130: 365–384
Yu J F, Yuan Y. Investor sentiment and the mean-variance relation. J Financ Econom, 2011, 100: 367–381
Yuan K H, Bentler P M. Structural equation modeling. In: Rao C R, Sinharay S, eds. Handbook of Statistics, vol. 26. Amsterdam: North-Holland, 2007, 297–358
Yuan K H, Hayashi K. Standard errors in covariance structure models: Asymptotics versus bootstrap. British J Math Statist Psych, 2006, 59: 397–417
Zhang X F, Wong H, Li Y. A functional coefficient GARCH-M model. Comm Statist Theory Methods, 2015, doi: 10.1080/03610926.2014.906615
Zhang X F, Wong H, Li Y, et al. An alternative GARCH-in-mean model: Structure and estimation. Comm Statist Theory Methods, 2013, 42: 1821–1838
Zhong X P, Wei B C, Fung W K. Influence analysis for linear measurement error models. Ann Inst Statist Math, 2000, 52: 367–379
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Song, Z., Zhang, X., Li, Y. et al. A linear varying coefficient ARCH-M model with a latent variable. Sci. China Math. 59, 1795–1814 (2016). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11425-016-5151-4
Received:
Accepted:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11425-016-5151-4