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Biological and biomedical functions of Penta-O-galloyl-d-glucose and its derivatives

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Abstract

Penta-O-galloyl-d-glucose (PGG) is a simple hydrolysable tannin in plants. PGG exists in two anomeric forms, α-PGG and β-PGG. While β-PGG can be found in a wide variety of plants, α-PGG is rather rare in nature. Numerous studies with β-PGG revealed a wide variety of biological activities, such as anti-microbial and anti-cancer functions. Until recently, studies with α-PGG were limited by the lack of its availability. Since the development of an efficient chemical synthesis of the compound, several investigations have revealed its anti-diabetic, anti-cancer, and anti-platelet-coagulation functions. Based on structure–activity-relationship (SAR) studies with α-PGG, a variety of α-PGG-related novel compounds were synthesized and some of them have been shown to possess promising therapeutic activities. In this review, the authors will survey and evaluate the biological functions of PGG with a focus on α-PGG and its derivatives.

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Acknowledgments

This work was partially supported by an NSF PFI Grant IIP-0227907 to the Edison Biotechnology Institute of Ohio University and an Ohio University medical school RSAC award to X. Chen.

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  1. Yanyan Cao

    Present address: Department of Molecular Pharmacology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, 10461, USA

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Biological Sciences, Ohio University, Athens, OH, USA

    Yanyan Cao & Xiaozhuo Chen

  2. Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Ohio University, Athens, OH, USA

    Klaus B. Himmeldirk, Yanrong Qian & Xiaozhuo Chen

  3. Edison Biotechnology Institute, Ohio University, Athens, OH, USA

    Yanyan Cao, Yanrong Qian & Xiaozhuo Chen

  4. Molecular and Cellular Biology Graduate Program, Ohio University, Athens, OH, USA

    Yanyan Cao, Yanrong Qian & Xiaozhuo Chen

  5. Division of Medicinal Chemistry and Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA

    Yulin Ren

  6. Biomedical Program, Department of Health Sciences, College of Arts and Sciences, Qatar University, Doha, Qatar

    Ahmed Malki

  7. Department of Biomedical Science and Edison Biotechnology Institute, 109 Konneker Research Laboratories, Ohio University, Athens, OH, 45701, USA

    Xiaozhuo Chen

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Cao, Y., Himmeldirk, K.B., Qian, Y. et al. Biological and biomedical functions of Penta-O-galloyl-d-glucose and its derivatives. J Nat Med 68, 465–472 (2014). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11418-014-0823-2

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