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Bacterial communities estimated by pyrosequencing in the soils of chinampa, a traditional sustainable agro-ecosystem in Mexico

  • Soils, Sec 5 • Soil and Landscape Ecology • Research Article
  • Published:
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Abstract

Purpose

As artificial islands created by accumulation of sediments and litters, chinampas formed a unique and sustainable agro-ecosystem. However, no investigation on the chinampa microbial communities has been reported. With the goal of revealing the soil bacterial communities in the chinampas and their changes influenced by environmental conditions, soils were sampled for determining their bacterial communities.

Materials and methods

Soil samples were collected from a cultivated and an abandoned chinampa at two horizontal layers and from rhizosphere of Portulaca oleracea L. The bacterial community composition was assayed by 454 high-throughput pyrosequencing. The correlation between environmental parameters and bacterial diversity was analyzed.

Results and discussion

Sequence analysis based on the V1–V3 regions of 16S rRNA gene obtained 140,790 bacterial tags. A total of 22 phyla and 30 candidate divisions were detected in the chinampa soils. The dominant phyla were Proteobacteria, Chloroflexi, Firmicutes, Bacteroidetes, and Acidobacteria. Bacillus, Thiobacillus, Nitrospira, and Planctomyces were the principal genera. Greater bacterial diversity was revealed in the superficial soils than in the deep-layer soils and in bulk soils than in the rhizosphere. The structure of microbial communities in the rhizosphere was remarkably different from that of communities in the bulk soils. Canonical correspondence analysis (CCA) revealed that contents of nitrogen were negatively correlated with Chlorobi, Verrucomicrobia, Gemmatimonadetes, and Acidobacteria but favored Cyanobacteria, Bacteroidetes, and Nitrospirae, whereas total organic carbon and electrical conductivity were positively correlated with Actinobacteria and Chloroflexi.

Conclusions

As the first exhaustive census on the bacterial communities in chinampa soils, our study demonstrates that the chinampas harbor diverse bacteria from soil and sediments and the agricultural activity and rhizosphere effect can shape the microbial communities in this singular agro-ecosystem.

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Acknowledgments

We acknowledge the assistance of Dr. Olivia Franco Hernández from IPN-UPIBI by her help in the physicochemical analysis of soil. We also thank Dr. M. Soledad Vásquez Murrieta for her help in CCA and Dr. Gerardo Zúñiga from IPN ENCB for his suggestions and review of the manuscript. This research is financially supported by the projects of SIP20140124, authorized by IPN, and 169494 authorized by CONACyT, Mexico. SEJ received a PhD scholarship by the CONACyT (grant number 230841).

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Departamento de Microbiología, Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Mexico, DF, C.P. 11340, Mexico

    Salvador Embarcadero-Jiménez, Flor N. Rivera-Orduña & En Tao Wang

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  1. Salvador Embarcadero-Jiménez
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  2. Flor N. Rivera-Orduña
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Correspondence to En Tao Wang.

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Responsible editor: Jizheng He

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Embarcadero-Jiménez, S., Rivera-Orduña, F.N. & Wang, E.T. Bacterial communities estimated by pyrosequencing in the soils of chinampa, a traditional sustainable agro-ecosystem in Mexico. J Soils Sediments 16, 1001–1011 (2016). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11368-015-1277-1

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