Skip to main content

Advertisement

SpringerLink
Log in

Entrepreneurial intention among science & technology students in India: extending the theory of planned behavior

  • Published:
International Entrepreneurship and Management Journal Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

The present research endeavours to comprehend the young S&T graduates’ intention toward pursuing an entrepreneurial career in a developing nation i.e., India. Using a modified version of Ajzen’s theory of planned behaviour (TPB) as our conceptual model, we attempted to integrate three additional constructs (perceived career option, entrepreneurial knowledge and entrepreneurial personality traits) to explain the relationship between a list of antecedents and entrepreneurial intention (EI). Structural equation modelling (SEM) technique has been implemented while analysing the data, collected through a self-administered questionnaire survey of five premier technology institutes in India. Findings, using a sample size of 476 young Science & Technology graduates at Indian Institute of Technology (IITs), suggest that a positive attitude toward entrepreneurship when reinforced by required entrepreneurial knowledge and the existence of viable entrepreneurial career option significantly influence EI. We found a positive but relatively weak influence of subjective norms on intention formation. Further, our findings recognise that the relationship between entrepreneurial personality traits and EI is fully mediated by perceived self-efficacy. Moderating effect suggests that student’s perceived self-efficacy boosts the entrepreneurial personality traits to EI relationship. The results also reinforced the appropriateness of incorporating auxiliary constructs in base TPB, as our conceptual model provides additional predictive power and a better understanding of how entrepreneurial intent develops.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Log in via an institution

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Institutional subscriptions

Fig. 1
Fig. 2

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  • Adler, E. S., & Clark, R. (2014). An invitation to social research: how it’s done. Boston: Cengage Learning.

    Google Scholar 

  • Ajzen, I. (1991). The theory of planned behaviour. Organizational Behavior and Human Decision Processes, 50(2), 179–211.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Ajzen, I. (1998). Models of human social behavior and their application to health psychology. Psychology and Health, 13(4), 735–739.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Ajzen, I. (2002). Perceived behavioral control, self-efficacy, locus of control, and the theory of planned behavior. Journal of Applied Social Psychology, 32(4), 665–683.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Ajzen, I., & Fishbein, M. (1980). Understanding attitudes and predicting social behavior. Englewood Cliffs: Prentice-Hall.

    Google Scholar 

  • Akaike, H. (1974). A new look at the statistical model identification. IEEE Transactions on Automatic Control, 19(6), 716–723.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Akaike, H. (1987). Factor analysis and AIC. Psychometrika, 52(3), 317–332.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Anastasi, A. (1982). Psychological testing (5th ed.). NY: Macmillan.

    Google Scholar 

  • Anderson, J. C., & Gerbing, D. W. (1988). Structural equation modeling in practice: a review and recommended two-step approach. Psychological Bulletin, 103(3), 411.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Armitage, C. J., & Conner, M. (2001). Efficacy of the theory of planned behaviour: a meta-analytic review. British Journal of Social Psychology, 40(4), 471–499.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Austin, J. T., & Vancouver, J. B. (1996). Goal constructs in psychology: structure, process, and content. Psychological Bulletin, 120(3), 338.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Autio, E., Keeley, R. H., Klofsten, M., Parker, G. G. C., & Hay, M. (2001). Entrepreneurial intent among students in Scandinavia and in the USA. Enterprise and Innovation Management Studies, 2(2), 145–160.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Bagla, M. (2016). Gender Imbalance in IITs: Why Do IITs Have a Skewed Boys to Girls Ratio? Retrieved 1 Jan 2017, from https://www.toppr.com/bytes/gender-imbalance-in-iits/.

  • Bagozzi, R. P., & Yi, Y. (1988). On the evaluation of structural equation models. Journal of the Academy of Marketing Science, 16(1), 74–94.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Bandura, A. (1977). Self-efficacy: toward a unifying theory of behavioral change. Psychological Review, 84(2), 191–215.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Bandura, A. (1986). Social foundations of thought and action: a social cognitive theory. Upper Saddle River: Prentice-Hall, Inc..

    Google Scholar 

  • Bandura, A. (1989). Human agency in social cognitive theory. American Psychologist, 44(9), 1175.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Bandura, A. (1997). Self-efficacy: the exercise of control. New York: Freeman.

    Google Scholar 

  • Bandura, A. (2002). Social cognitive theory in cultural context. Applied Psychology, 51(2), 269–290.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Barney, J. (1991). Firm resources and sustained competitive advantage. Journal of Management, 17(1), 99–120.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Baumgartner, H., & Homburg, C. (1995). Applications of structural equation modelling in marketing research: a review. International Journal of Research in Marketing, 13, 139–161.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Baumol, W. J. (2000). What Marshall didn’t know: on the twentieth century’s contributions to economics. Quarterly Journal of Economics, 115, 1–44.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Betz, N. E., & Hackett, G. (1981). The relationship of career-related self-efficacy expectations to perceived career options in college women and men. Journal of Counseling Psychology, 28(5), 399.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Bird, B. (1988). Implementing entrepreneurial ideas: the case for intention. Academy of Management Review, 13(3), 442–453.

    Google Scholar 

  • Boyd, N. G., & Vozikis, G. S. (1994). The influence of self-efficacy on the development of entrepreneurial intentions and actions. Entrepreneurship Theory and Practice, 18, 63–63.

    Google Scholar 

  • Brandstätter, H. (2011). Personality aspects of entrepreneurship: a look at five meta-analyses. Personality and Individual Differences, 51(3), 222–230.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Brinckmann, J., Grichnik, D., & Kapsa, D. (2010). Should entrepreneurs plan or just storm the castle? A meta-analysis on contextual factors impacting the business planning–performance relationship in small firms. Journal of Business Venturing, 25(1), 24–40.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Brown, T. A. (2015). Confirmatory factor analysis for applied research. New York: Guilford Publications.

    Google Scholar 

  • Bryan, A., Ruiz, M. S., & O’neill, D. (2003). HIV-related behaviors among prison inmates: a theory of planned behavior Analysis1. Journal of Applied Social Psychology, 33(12), 2565–2586.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Carr, J. C., & Sequeira, J. M. (2007). Prior family business exposure as intergenerational influence and entrepreneurial intent: a theory of planned behavior approach. Journal of Business Research, 60(10), 1090–1098.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Carrier, C. (2005). Pedagogical challenges in entrepreneurship education. In P. Kyrö & C. Carrier (Eds.), The dynamics of learning entrepreneurship in a cross-cultural university context (pp. 136–158). Hämmeenlinna: University of Tampere.

    Google Scholar 

  • Cassar, G. (2006). Entrepreneur opportunity costs and intended venture growth. Journal of Business Venturing, 21(5), 610–632.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Chang, S. J., Van Witteloostuijn, A., & Eden, L. (2010). From the editors: common method variance in international business research. Journal of International Business Studies, 41(2), 178–184.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Chen, C. C., Greene, P. G., & Crick, A. (1998). Does entrepreneurial self-efficacy distinguish entrepreneurs from managers? Journal of Business Venturing, 13(4), 295–316.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Chin, W. W., Gopal, A., & Salisbury, W. D. (1997). Advancing the theory of adaptive structuration: the development of a scale to measure faithfulness of appropriation. Information Systems Research, 8(4), 342–367.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Chye Koh, H. (1996). Testing hypotheses of entrepreneurial characteristics: a study of Hong Kong MBA students. Journal of Managerial Psychology, 11(3), 12–25.

  • Cohen, J., & Cohen, P. (1983). Applied multiple regression/correlation analysis for the behavioral sciences (2nd ed.). Hillsdale: Erlbaum.

    Google Scholar 

  • Conner, M., & Armitage, C. J. (1998). Extending the theory of planned behavior: a review and avenues for further research. Journal of Applied Social Psychology, 28(15), 1429–1464.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Cooper, A. C., Gimeno-Gascon, F. J., & Woo, C. Y. (1994). Initial human and financial capital as predictors of new venture performance. Journal of Business Venturing, 9(5), 371–395.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Daft, R. L., & Lengel, R. H. (1986). Organizational information requirements, media richness and structural design. Management Science, 32(5), 554–571.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Davidsson, P. (2008). Looking back at 20 years of entrepreneurship research: what did we learn. Entrepreneurship Sustainable Growth and Performance, 13–26.

  • Dick, T. P., & Rallis, S. F. (1991). Factors and influences on high school students’ career choices. Journal for Research in Mathematics Education, 281–292.

  • Dimov, D. (2007). From opportunity insight to opportunity intention: the importance of person-situation learning match. Entrepreneurship Theory and Practice, 31(4), 561–583.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Dimov, D. (2010). Nascent entrepreneurs and venture emergence: opportunity confidence, human capital, and early planning. Journal of Management Studies, 47(6), 1123–1153.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Douglas, E. J., & Shepherd, D. A. (2000). Entrepreneurship as a utility maximizing response. Journal of Business Venturing, 15(3), 231–251.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Driver, M. J. (1988). Careers: a review of personal and organizational research. International Review of Industrial and Organizational Psychology, 3, 245–277.

    Google Scholar 

  • Dyer, W. G., & Handler, W. (1994). Entrepreneurship and family business: exploring the connections. Entrepreneurship Theory and Practice, 19, 71–71.

    Google Scholar 

  • Evans, A. N., & Rooney, B. J. (2013). Methods in psychological research. Thousand Oaks: Sage Publications.

    Google Scholar 

  • Fayolle, A. (2008). Entrepreneurship education at a crossroads: toward a more mature teaching field. Journal of Enterprising Culture, 16(04), 325–337.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Fayolle, A., & Gailly, B. (2005). Using the theory of planned behaviour to assess entrepreneurship teaching programmes. Center for Research in Change, Innovation and Strategy of Louvain School of Management, Working Paper, 5, 2005.

  • Fayolle, A., & Liñán, F. (2014). The future of research on entrepreneurial intentions. Journal of Business Research, 67(5), 663–666.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Fayolle, A., Gailly, B., & Lassas-Clerc, N. (2006). Assessing the impact of entrepreneurship education programmes: a new methodology. Journal of European Industrial Training, 30(9), 701–720.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Fiet, J. O. (2001). The pedagogical side of entrepreneurship theory. Journal of Business Venturing, 16(2), 101–117.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Fishbein, M., & Ajzen, I. (1975). Belief. Attitude, Intention and Behaviour: An Introduction to Theory and Research Reading. MA: Addison-Wesley, 6.

  • Fornell, C., & Larcker, D. F. (1981). Evaluating structural equation models with unobservable variables and measurement error. Journal of Marketing Research, 18, 39–50.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Forza, C. (2002). Survey research in operations management: a process-based perspective. International Journal of Operations & Production Management, 22(2), 152–194.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Gist, M. E., & Mitchell, T. R. (1992). Self-efficacy: a theoretical analysis of its determinants and malleability. Academy of Management Review, 17(2), 183–211.

    Google Scholar 

  • Godin, G., & Kok, G. (1996). The theory of planned behavior: a review of its applications to health-related behaviors. American Journal of Health Promotion, 11(2), 87–98.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Guerrero, M., Rialp, J., & Urbano, D. (2008). The impact of desirability and feasibility on entrepreneurial intentions: a structural equation model. International Entrepreneurship and Management Journal, 4(1), 35–50.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Hagger, M. S., Chatzisarantis, N. L., Culverhouse, T., & Biddle, S. J. (2003). The processes by which perceived autonomy support in physical education promotes leisure-time physical activity intentions and behavior: a trans-contextual model. Journal of Educational Psychology, 95(4), 784–795.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Hair, J. F., Anderson, R. E., Tatham, R. L., & Black, W. C. (1998). Multivariate data analysis, 5th. NY: Prentice Hall International.

    Google Scholar 

  • Henseler, J., Ringle, C. M., & Sinkovics, R. R. (2009). The use of partial least squares path modeling in international marketing. Advances in International Marketing, 20(1), 277–319.

    Google Scholar 

  • Hindle, K. (2007). Teaching entrepreneurship at university: from the wrong building to the right philosophy. Handbook of Research in Entrepreneurship Education, 1, 104–126.

    Google Scholar 

  • Hofstede, G., Hofstede, G. J., & Minkov, M. (1991). Cultures and organizations: software of the mind (Vol. 2). London: McGraw-Hill.

    Google Scholar 

  • Holland, J. L. (1997). Making vocational choices: a theory of vocational personalities and work environments. Psychological Assessment Resources.

  • Hu, L. T., & Bentler, P. M. (1999). Cutoff criteria for fit indexes in covariance structure analysis: conventional criteria versus new alternatives. Structural Equation Modeling: A Multidisciplinary Journal, 6(1), 1–55.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Jain, A. (2015). The rise of India’s entrepreneurs: How to cultivate their spirit and success. Retrieved 1 Jan 2017, from https://yourstory.com/2015/12/rise-of-india-entrepreneurs/.

  • Kennedy, J., & Drennan, J. (2001). A review of the impact of education and prior experience on new venture performance. The International Journal of Entrepreneurship and Innovation, 2(3), 153–169.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Kline, R. B. (1998). Principles and practice of structural equation modeling. New York: Guilford Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Kline, R. B. (2011). Principles and practice of structural equation modeling. New York: Guilford Press Google Scholar.

    Google Scholar 

  • Kolvereid, L. (1996). Prediction of employment status choice intentions. Entrepreneurship: Theory and Practice, 21(1), 47–58.

    Google Scholar 

  • Kolvereid, L., & Isaksen, E. (2006). New business start-up and subsequent entry into self-employment. Journal of Business Venturing, 21(6), 866–885.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Kor, Y. Y., Mahoney, J. T., & Michael, S. C. (2007). Resources, capabilities and entrepreneurial perceptions. Journal of Management Studies, 44(7), 1187–1212.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Krueger, N. F., & Brazeal, D. V. (1994). Entrepreneurial potential and potential entrepreneurs. Entrepreneurship Theory and Practice, 18, 91–91.

    Google Scholar 

  • Krueger, N. F., & Carsrud, A. L. (1993). Entrepreneurial intentions: applying the theory of planned behaviour. Entrepreneurship and Regional Development, 5(4), 315–330.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Krueger, N. F., Reilly, M. D., & Carsrud, A. L. (2000). Competing models of entrepreneurial intentions. Journal of Business Venturing, 15(5), 411–432.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Lent, R. W., Brown, S. D., & Hackett, G. (1994). Toward a unifying social cognitive theory of career and academic interest, choice, and performance. Journal of Vocational Behavior, 45(1), 79–122.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Levenson, H. (1974). Activism and powerful others: distinctions within the concept of internal-external control. Journal of Personality Assessment, 38(4), 377–383.

  • Lim, D. S., Morse, E. A., Mitchell, R. K., & Seawright, K. K. (2010). Institutional environment and entrepreneurial cognitions: a comparative business systems perspective. Entrepreneurship Theory and Practice, 34(3), 491–516.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Liñán, F., & Chen, Y. W. (2009). Development and cross-cultural application of a specific instrument to measure entrepreneurial intentions. Entrepreneurship Theory and Practice, 33(3), 593–617.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Liñán, F., & Fayolle, A. (2015). A systematic literature review on entrepreneurial intentions: citation, thematic analyses, and research agenda. International Entrepreneurship and Management Journal, 11(4), 907–933.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Liñán, F., Rodríguez-Cohard, J. C., & Rueda-Cantuche, J. M. (2011). Factors affecting entrepreneurial intention levels: a role for education. International Entrepreneurship and Management Journal, 7(2), 195–218.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Lindell, M. K., & Whitney, D. J. (2001). Accounting for common method variance in cross-sectional research designs. Journal of Applied Psychology, 86(1), 114.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Littunen, H. (2000). Entrepreneurship and the characteristics of the entrepreneurial personality. International Journal of Entrepreneurial Behavior and Research, 6(6), 295–310.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Lortie, J., & Castogiovanni, G. (2015). The theory of planned behavior in entrepreneurship research: what we know and future directions. International Entrepreneurship and Management Journal, 11(4), 935–957.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Lüthje, C., & Franke, N. (2003). The ‘making’ of an entrepreneur: testing a model of entrepreneurial intent among engineering students at MIT. R&D Management, 33(2), 135–147.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Lynch, S. M. (2003). Cohort and life-course patterns in the relationship between education and health: a hierarchical approach. Demography, 40(2), 309–331.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • MacCallum, R. C., Browne, M. W., & Sugawara, H. M. (1996). Power analysis and determination of sample size for covariance structure modeling. Psychological Methods, 1(2), 130.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Maresch, D., Harms, R., Kailer, N., & Wimmer-Wurm, B. (2016). The impact of entrepreneurship education on the entrepreneurial intention of students in science and engineering versus business studies university programs. Technological Forecasting and Social Change, 104, 172–179.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Marques, C. S., Ferreira, J. J., Gomes, D. N., & Gouveia Rodrigues, R. (2012). Entrepreneurship education: how psychological, demographic and behavioural factors predict the entrepreneurial intention. Education and Training, 54(8/9), 657–672.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Matthews, C. H., & Moser, S. B. (1995). Family background and gender: implications for interest in small firm ownership. Entrepreneurship and Regional Development, 7(4), 365–378.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • McGee, J. E., Peterson, M., Mueller, S. L., & Sequeira, J. M. (2009). Entrepreneurial self-efficacy: refining the measure. Entrepreneurship Theory and Practice, 33(4), 965–988.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • McMullan, W. E., & Long, W. A. (1987). Entrepreneurship education in the nineties. Journal of Business Venturing, 2(3), 261–275.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Miralles, F., Giones, F., & Riverola, C. (2015). Evaluating the impact of prior experience in entrepreneurial intention. International Entrepreneurship and Management Journal, 1–23.

  • Mischel, W., & Shoda, Y. (1998). Reconciling processing dynamics and personality dispositions. Annual Review of Psychology, 49, 229–258.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Moriano, J. A. (2005). El perfil psicosocial del emprendedor [the psychosocial profile of the entrepreneur]. Madrid: Consejo Económico y Social.

    Google Scholar 

  • Nunnally, J. C. (1978). Psychometric theory (2nd ed.). New York: McGraw-Hill.

    Google Scholar 

  • Obschonka, M., Silbereisen, R. K., & Schmitt-Rodermund, E. (2010). Entrepreneurial intention as developmental outcome. Journal of Vocational Behavior, 77(1), 63–72.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Park, H. S. (2000). Relationships among attitudes and subjective norms: testing the theory of reasoned action across cultures. Communication Studies, 51(2), 162–175.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Pavlou, P. A., & Fygenson, M. (2006). Understanding and predicting electronic commerce adoption: An extension of the theory of planned behavior. MIS quarterly, 115–143.

  • Perugini, M., & Bagozzi, R. P. (2001). The role of desires and anticipated emotions in goal-directed behaviours: broadening and deepening the theory of planned behaviour. British Journal of Social Psychology, 40(1), 79–98.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Peterman, N. E., & Kennedy, J. (2003). Enterprise education: influencing students’ perceptions of entrepreneurship. Entrepreneurship Theory and Practice, 28(2), 129–144.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Podsakoff, P. M., & Organ, D. W. (1986). Self-reports in organizational research: problems and prospects. Journal of Management, 12(4), 531–544.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Ramachandran, K., & Ramnarayan, S. (1993). Entrepreneurial orientation and networking: some Indian evidence. Journal of Business Venturing, 8(6), 513–524.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Rauch, A., & Frese, M. (2007). Let’s put the person back into entrepreneurship research: a meta-analysis on the relationship between business owners’ personality traits, business creation, and success. European Journal of Work and Organizational Psychology, 16(4), 353–385.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Read, D. L., Brown, R. F., Thorsteinsson, E. B., Morgan, M., & Price, I. (2013). The theory of planned behaviour as a model for predicting public opposition to wind farm developments. Journal of Environmental Psychology, 36, 70–76.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Roberts, E. B. (1991). Entrepreneurs in high technology: Lessons from MIT and beyond. Oxford: Oxford University Press.

    Book  Google Scholar 

  • Roldán, J. L., & Sánchez-Franco, M. J. (2012). Variance-based structural equation modeling: guidelines for using partial least squares. Information Systems Research, in Research Methodologies, Innovations and Philosophies in Software Systems Engineering and Information Systems, 193–221.

  • Sampson, J. P., Peterson, G. W., Lenz, J. G., Reardon, R. C., & Saunders, D. E. (1998). The design and use of a measure of dysfunctional career thoughts among adults, college students, and high school students: the career thoughts inventory. Journal of Career Assessment, 6(2), 115–134.

  • Scherer, R. F., Brodzinski, J. D., & Wiebe, F. (1991). Examining the relationship between personality and entrepreneurial career preference 1. Entrepreneurship and Regional Development, 3(2), 195–206.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Schlaegel, C., & Koenig, M. (2014). Determinants of entrepreneurial intent: a meta-analytic test and integration of competing models. Entrepreneurship Theory and Practice, 38(2), 291–332.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Schriesheim, C. A., & Eisenbach, R. J. (1995). An exploratory and confirmatory factor-analytic investigation of item wording effects on the obtained factor structures of survey questionnaire measures. Journal of Management, 21(6), 1177–1193.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Schumpeter, J. A. (1934). The theory of economic development: an inquiry into profits, capital, credit, interest, and the business cycle (Vol. 55). Piscataway: Transaction publishers.

    Google Scholar 

  • Shane, S. (2000). Prior knowledge and the discovery of entrepreneurial opportunities. Organization Science, 11(4), 448–469.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Shane, S., & Venkataraman, S. (2000). The promise of entrepreneurship as a field of research. Academy of Management Review, 25(1), 217–226.

    Google Scholar 

  • Shapero, A. (1975). The displaced, uncomfortable entrepreneur. Psychology Today, 9(6), 83–88.

    Google Scholar 

  • Shevlin, M., & Miles, J. N. (1998). Effects of sample size, model specification and factor loadings on the GFI in confirmatory factor analysis. Personality and Individual Differences, 25(1), 85–90.

  • Shook, C. L., Priem, R. L., & McGee, J. E. (2003). Venture creation and the enterprising individual: a review and synthesis. Journal of Management, 29(3), 379–399.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Shook, C. L., Ketchen, D. J., Hult, G. T. M., & Kacmar, K. M. (2004). An assessment of the use of structural equation modeling in strategic management research. Strategic Management Journal, 25(4), 397–404.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Sieger, P., & Monsen, E. (2015). Founder, academic, or employee? A nuanced study of career choice intentions. Journal of Small Business Management, 53(S1), 30–57.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Solomon, M., Bamossy, G. J., Askegaard, S., & Hogg, M. K. (2006). Consumer behaviour: a European perspective (3rd ed.). London: Prentice Hall.

    Google Scholar 

  • Souitaris, V., Zerbinati, S., & Al-Laham, A. (2007). Do entrepreneurship programmes raise entrepreneurial intention of science and engineering students? The effect of learning, inspiration and resources. Journal of Business Venturing, 22(4), 566–591.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Stevens, J. P. (2012). Applied multivariate statistics for the social sciences. Abingdon: Routledge.

    Google Scholar 

  • Swanson, V., Power, K., Kaur, B., Carter, H., & Shepherd, K. (2006). The impact of knowledge and social influences on adolescents’ breast-feeding beliefs and intentions. Public Health Nutrition, 9(03), 297–305.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Tkachev, A., & Kolvereid, L. (1999). Self-employment intentions among Russian students. Entrepreneurship and Regional Development, 11(3), 269–280.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Van Gelderen, M., Brand, M., van Praag, M., Bodewes, W., Poutsma, E., & Van Gils, A. (2008). Explaining entrepreneurial intentions by means of the theory of planned behaviour. Career Development International, 13(6), 538–559.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Vrontis, D., & Papasolomou, I. (2007). Brand and product building: the case of the Cyprus wine industry. Journal of Product and Brand Management, 16(3), 159–167.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Wally, S., & Baum, J. R. (1994). Personal and structural determinants of the pace of strategic decision making. Academy of Management Journal, 37(4), 932–956.

  • Wheaton, B., Muthen, B., Alwin, D. F., & Summers, G. F. (1977). Assessing reliability and stability in panel models. Sociological Methodology, 8(1), 84–136.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Wilson, F., Kickul, J., & Marlino, D. (2007). Gender, entrepreneurial self-efficacy, and entrepreneurial career intentions: implications for entrepreneurship Education1. Entrepreneurship Theory and Practice, 31(3), 387–406.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Wood, W., & Eagly, A. H. (2009). Advantages of certainty and uncertainty. In H. Cooper, L. V. Hedges, & J. C. Valentine (Eds.), The handbook of research synthesis and meta-analysis (2nd ed., pp. 455–472). New York: Russell Sage Foundation.

    Google Scholar 

  • Yazdanpanah, M., & Forouzani, M. (2015). Application of the theory of planned behaviour to predict Iranian students’ intention to purchase organic food. Journal of Cleaner Production, 107, 342–352.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Yeoh, P. L., & Jeong, I. (1995). Contingency relationships between entrepreneurship, export channel structure and environment: a proposed conceptual model of export performance. European Journal of Marketing, 29(8), 95–115.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Yıldırım, N., Çakır, Ö., & Aşkun, O. B. (2016). Ready to dare? A case study on the entrepreneurial intentions of business and engineering students in Turkey. Procedia - Social and Behavioral Sciences, 229, 277–288.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Yin, R. K. (1984). Case study research: design and methods. Beverly Hills: Sage Publications.

    Google Scholar 

  • Zahra, S. A. (1995). Corporate entrepreneurship and financial performance: the case of management leveraged buyouts. Journal of Business Venturing, 10(3), 225–247.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Zhang, Y., Duysters, G., & Cloodt, M. (2014). The role of entrepreneurship education as a predictor of university students’ entrepreneurial intention. International Entrepreneurship and Management Journal, 10(3), 623–641.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Zhao, H., Seibert, S. E., & Hills, G. E. (2005). The mediating role of self-efficacy in the development of entrepreneurial intentions. Journal of Applied Psychology, 90(6), 1265.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Zikmund, W. G., McLeod Jr., R., & Gilbert, F. W. (2003). Customer relationship management: integrating marketing strategy and information technology. Hoboken: John Wiley & Sons.

    Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Management Studies, Indian School of Mines, Dhanbad, -826004, India

    Rajib Roy, Fatima Akhtar & Niladri Das

Authors
  1. Rajib Roy
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. Fatima Akhtar
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  3. Niladri Das
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Rajib Roy.

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this article

Roy, R., Akhtar, F. & Das, N. Entrepreneurial intention among science & technology students in India: extending the theory of planned behavior. Int Entrep Manag J 13, 1013–1041 (2017). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11365-017-0434-y

Download citation

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11365-017-0434-y

Keywords

Search

Navigation