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Colloid characterization and in situ release in shallow groundwater under different hydrogeology conditions

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Abstract

Changes to groundwater hydrodynamics and chemistry can lead to colloid release that can have a major impact on the groundwater environment. To analyze the effects of colloid release caused by artificial groundwater recharge, field and laboratory tests on colloid characterization and colloid release were conducted. The field tests were carried out at an artificial recharge test site in Shandong Province. In the field investigation, one recharge water sample and five groundwater samples were collected and filtered through three levels of ultrafiltration membranes, with pore sizes of 0.45 μm, 100 kDa, and 50 kDa. The field results indicated that the colloid mass concentrations in groundwater retained between membranes with pore sizes of 100 kDa–0.45 μm and 50 kDa–100 kDa were 19 and 62 mg/L, respectively. In recharge water, the colloid mass concentrations retained by 100-kDa–0.45-μm and 50-kDa–100-kDa membranes were 3 and 99 mg/L, respectively. Colloids detected on the ultrafiltration membranes were mainly inorganic between 100 kDa and 0.45 μm, and mainly organic between 50 and 100 kDa. Based on the field colloid investigation results, the organic colloid was chosen in the laboratory experiments to reveal its release behavior under different conditions. Porous media diameter, flux, ionic strength (IS), and ion valence were changed to determine their influences on organic colloid concentration outflow from undisturbed porous media. The experiment’s results indicate that decreasing the diameter, and increasing the flux, ionic strength, and the number of divalent cations, can promote organic colloid release. The organic colloid release rate in the early stage was high and is thus likely to affect the quality of groundwater. The results provide a useful scientific basis for minimizing changes to hydrodynamic and hydrochemical conditions during artificial recharge, thus safeguarding groundwater quality.

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Acknowledgements

This research was funded by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant no. 41472215). The authors would like to thank the journal editors and the reviewers for the valuable comments that improved the paper considerably. We would also like to thank the staff at the Shandong Hydraulic Research Institute for their assistance in the field.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Key Laboratory of Groundwater Resources and Environment, Ministry of Education, Jilin University, Changchun, 130021, China

    Jingjing Zhou, Dan Liu, Wenjing Zhang, Ying Huan & Xipeng Yu

  2. College of Environment and Resources, Jilin University, Changchun, 130021, China

    Jingjing Zhou, Dan Liu, Wenjing Zhang, Ying Huan & Xipeng Yu

  3. Shandong Hydraulic Research Institute, Jinan, 250000, China

    Xuequn Chen

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  1. Jingjing Zhou
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  2. Dan Liu
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  3. Wenjing Zhang
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  5. Ying Huan
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Correspondence to Wenjing Zhang.

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Responsible editor: Philippe Garrigues

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Zhou, J., Liu, D., Zhang, W. et al. Colloid characterization and in situ release in shallow groundwater under different hydrogeology conditions. Environ Sci Pollut Res 24, 14445–14454 (2017). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-017-8856-1

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-017-8856-1

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