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Effect of wave-current interactions on sediment resuspension in large shallow Lake Taihu, China

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Abstract

The disturbance of the water-sediment interface by wind-driven currents and waves plays a critical role in sediment resuspension and internal nutrient release in large, shallow lakes. This study analyzed the effects of the interactions between wind-induced currents an1d waves on the driving mechanism of sediment resuspension in Lake Taihu, the third largest freshwater lake in China, using acoustic and optic techniques to collect long-term, high-frequency, synchronous in situ measurements of wind, currents, waves, and suspended solid concentrations (SSCs). The results suggested that water turbidity started to increase at wind speeds of approximately 4 m/s and significantly increased when wind speeds exceeded 6 m/s. In most cases, wind-induced waves were the main energy source for changes in turbidity. Wave-generated shear stress contributed more than 95% to sediment resuspension and that only in weak wind conditions (<4 m/s) did the lake bottom shear stresses generated by currents and waves contributed equally. The relationship between SSC and bottom shear stress generated by wave was established by fitting the observed results. The processes of sediment dynamics were divided into four stages (A through D) according to three shear-stress thresholds. In stage A, SSC remained stable (about 45 mg/L) and τw was less than 0.02 N/m2. In stage B, the sediment bed was starting to be activated (SSC 45∼60 mg/L) and τw was in the range of 0.02∼0.07 N/m2. In stage C, a medium amount of sediment was suspended (SSC 60∼150 mg/L) and τw ranged from 0.07 to 0.3 N/m2. In stage D, large amount of sediment was suspended (SSC 150∼300 mg/L) and τw was larger than 0.3 N/m2. The findings of this paper reveal the driving mechanism of sediment resuspension, which may further help to evaluate internal nutrient release in large shallow Lake Taihu.

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Acknowledgements

The research was supported by the Chinese National Science Foundation (51579071, 51379061, 41323001, 51539003), the Jiangsu Province National Science Foundation (BK20131370), and the National Science Funds for Creative Research Groups of China (No. 51421006), and the program of Dual Innovative Talents Plan and Innovative Research Team in Jiangsu Province, the Special Fund of State Key Laboratory of Hydrology-Water Resources and Hydraulic Engineering, and the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Key Laboratory of Integrated Regulation and Resource Development on Shallow Lakes, Ministry of Education, Hohai University, Nanjing, 210098, China

    Yiping Li

  2. College of Environment, Hohai University, Nanjing, 210098, China

    Yiping Li, Chunyan Tang, Jianwei Wang, Wei Du, Xiaomeng Gao & Jepkirui Mercy

  3. Environmental Process Modelling Centre, Nanyang Environmental and Water Research Institute, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, 637457, Singapore

    Chunyan Tang

  4. Division of Hydrologic Sciences, Desert Research Institute, Las Vegas, NV, 89119, USA

    Kumud Acharya

  5. State Key Laboratory of Lake Science and Environment, Nanjing Institute of Geography and Limnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 73 East Beijing Road, Nanjing, 210008, China

    Liancong Luo, Huiyun Li & Shujun Dai

  6. State Key Laboratory of Hydrology Water Resources and Hydraulic Engineering, Hohai University, Nanjing, 210098, China

    Zhongbo Yu

  7. Changjiang River Scientific Research Institute, Wuhan, 430010, China

    Baozhu Pan

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  1. Yiping Li
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  2. Chunyan Tang
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Corresponding authors

Correspondence to Chunyan Tang or Kumud Acharya.

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Responsible editor: Philippe Garrigues

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Li, Y., Tang, C., Wang, J. et al. Effect of wave-current interactions on sediment resuspension in large shallow Lake Taihu, China. Environ Sci Pollut Res 24, 4029–4039 (2017). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-016-8165-0

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-016-8165-0

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