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Levels, sources, and health risk assessment of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in Brno, Czech Republic: a 5-year study

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Abstract

This work aimed to determine the seasonal variations of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in airborne PM10 at two background sites (Masná—MS, Líšeň—LN) in Brno over a 5-year period (2009–2013). Samples were collected on quartz filters using a low-volume sampler by continual filtration. Concentrations of PAHs in collected PM10 samples were determined using a gas chromatography with a mass spectrometer as a detector. A different number of PAHs were determined to be at each site, i.e., 11 PAHs at the MS site and six PAHs at the LN site, and similarities between them were identified using non-parametric analysis of variance. Potential sources were identified using principal component analysis (PCA) and PAHs diagnostic ratios. The work also focused on health risk assessment. This was estimated using toxic equivalent factors to calculate individual lifetime cancer risk, which quantifies risk of exposure to PAHs for specific age groups. The average 11-PAH concentrations in M|S site annually ranged from 19.28 ± 19.02 ng m−3 (2011) to 40.37 ± 21.35 ng m−3 (2013). With regard to the LN site, the average six-PAH concentrations annually ranged from 3.64 ± 3.87 ng m−3 (2009) and 5.27 ± 6.19 ng m−3 (2012). PCA and diagnostic ratios indicate the main sources to be traffic emissions and coal combustion. Health risk assessment showed carcinogenic risk under limit value in all cases.

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Acknowledgments

This work is an output of research and scientific activities of this project LO1202 with financial support from the MEYS under the program NPU I.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Heat Transfer and Fluid Flow Laboratory, Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, Brno University of Technology, Technická 2, 616 69, Brno, Czech Republic

    Pavel Bulejko

  2. Department of Risk Engineering, Institute of Forensic Engineering, Brno University of Technology, Purkyňova 464/118, 612 00, Brno, Czech Republic

    Vladimír Adamec & Barbora Schüllerová

  3. Czech Hydrometeorological Institute, Brno Regional Office, Kroftova 2578/43, 616 67, Brno, Czech Republic

    Robert Skeřil

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  1. Pavel Bulejko
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  2. Vladimír Adamec
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Correspondence to Pavel Bulejko.

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Bulejko, P., Adamec, V., Schüllerová, B. et al. Levels, sources, and health risk assessment of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in Brno, Czech Republic: a 5-year study. Environ Sci Pollut Res 23, 20462–20473 (2016). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-016-7172-5

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