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Gibberellic acid in combination with pressmud enhances the growth of sunflower and stabilizes chromium(VI)-contaminated soil

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Abstract

The present study was conducted to assess the impact of gibberellic acid on growth and yield of sunflower in hexavalent chromium [Cr(VI)]-contaminated soil in the presence as well as absence of pressmud. Seeds of sunflower were sown in potted soil amended with pressmud as an organic amendment and contaminated with different levels of Cr(VI) (12, 18, and 24 mg kg−1) by using K2Cr2O7 salt. Gibberellic acid (10−4 M) was applied at time of seedling emergence in the rhizosphere. The results showed that Cr(VI) stress significantly reduced the growth and yield of sunflower. However, application of gibberellic acid and pressmud reversed the toxic effects of Cr(VI) and improved the growth and yield of sunflower. Combined application of gibberellic acid and pressmud further improved growth and yield compared to their separate application in Cr(VI) stress. Moreover, gibberellic acid and pressmud decreased the uptake of Cr and stabilized it in the soil.

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Acknowledgments

Facilities for this study were provided by the Institute of Soil and Environmental Sciences, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad. We are thankful to the Department of Social Sciences and Humanities, Faculty of Sciences, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, for providing services of editing this manuscript for English language.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Institute of Soil and Environmental Sciences, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, 38040, Pakistan

    Muhammad Saleem, Hafiz Naeem Asghar, Muhammad Yahya Khan & Zahir Ahmad Zahir

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  1. Muhammad Saleem
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  2. Hafiz Naeem Asghar
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  3. Muhammad Yahya Khan
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  4. Zahir Ahmad Zahir
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Correspondence to Hafiz Naeem Asghar.

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Responsible editor: Elena Maestri

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Saleem, M., Asghar, H.N., Khan, M.Y. et al. Gibberellic acid in combination with pressmud enhances the growth of sunflower and stabilizes chromium(VI)-contaminated soil. Environ Sci Pollut Res 22, 10610–10617 (2015). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-015-4275-3

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-015-4275-3

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