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Analyses of melatonin, cytokines, and sleep in chronic renal failure

  • Basic Science • Original Article
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Abstract

Purpose

Inflammation and oxidative stress are involved in the process of chronic renal failure (CRF). CRF patients show indication of sleep disturbances, and the melatonin rhythm, which modulates sleep, is abnormal in these patients; however, it is still unclear whether inflammation could be related to the blockage of melatonin production and sleep disturbances in this population. The aim of this study was to characterize and correlate sleep, the melatonin rhythm, and the levels of the inflammatory cytokines tumor necrosis factor (TNF) and interleukin (IL)-6 in patients with CRF and controls.

Methods

Sleep was evaluated by the “Sleep Quality Index Pittsburgh” (PSQI) questionnaire, and melatonin and cytokine contents in saliva and blood samples, respectively, were analyzed by ELISA.

Results

The CRF group scored higher on the global PSQI, which indicates a lower sleep quality and a higher prevalence of sleep disorders, than the control group. The CRF individuals also showed lower melatonin content than the control groups, both during the day and at night, and lacked rhythmicity in melatonin production. The CRF group also showed higher contents of TNF and IL-6 than the control group and a negative correlation between TNF and melatonin content.

Conclusion

These results suggest that the sleep disorders observed in the CRF group were probably related to the low production of melatonin observed in this population. The high level of TNF, as previously demonstrated in other pathologies, is probably involved in this blockage of melatonin production in CRF.

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Acknowledgments

This work was supported by grants from Fundação de Amparo a Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP 11/51495-4) and CNPq (480208/2013-1).

Conflict of interest

All authors certify that they have no affiliations with or involvement in any organization or entity with any financial interest (such as honoraria; educational grants; participation in speakers’ bureaus; membership, employment, consultancies, stock ownership, or other equity interest; and expert testimony or patent-licensing arrangements), or non-financial interest (such as personal or professional relationships, affiliations, knowledge, or beliefs) in the subject matter or materials discussed in this manuscript.

Author contributions

Conceived and designed the experiments: L.P. and A.R.P. Performed the experiments: A.R.P, N.C.S, and L.P. Analyzed the data: A.R.P, N.C.S, and L.P. Wrote the paper: L.P. and A.R.P.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Irmandade da Santa Casa de Misericórdia da cidade de Marília, Marilia, SP, Brazil

    Aline Rodrigues Pinto

  2. Department of Speech-Language and Hearing Therapy, São Paulo State University, Av. Vicente Ferreira, 1278, Marília, SP, Brazil, CEP: 17515-901

    Aline Rodrigues Pinto, Nathani Cristina da Silva & Luciana Pinato

Authors
  1. Aline Rodrigues Pinto
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  2. Nathani Cristina da Silva
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  3. Luciana Pinato
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Correspondence to Luciana Pinato.

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Pinto, A.R., da Silva, N.C. & Pinato, L. Analyses of melatonin, cytokines, and sleep in chronic renal failure. Sleep Breath 20, 339–344 (2016). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11325-015-1240-9

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11325-015-1240-9

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