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Hyperpolarized and Inert Gas MRI: The Future

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Abstract

Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is a potentially ideal imaging modality for noninvasive, nonionizing, and longitudinal assessment of disease. Hyperpolarized (HP) agents have been developed in the past 20 years for MR imaging, and they have the potential to vastly improve MRI sensitivity for the diagnosis and management of various diseases. The polarization of nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR)-sensitive nuclei other than 1H (e.g., 3He, 129Xe) can be enhanced by a factor of up to 100,000 times above thermal equilibrium levels, which enables direct detection of the HP agent with no background signal. In this review, a number of HP media applications in MR imaging are discussed, including HP 3He and 129Xe lung imaging, HP 129Xe brain imaging, and HP 129Xe biosensors. Inert fluorinated gas MRI, which is a new lung imaging technique that does not require hyperpolarization, is also briefly discussed. This technique will likely be an important future direction for the HP gas lung imaging community.

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Acknowledgments

This work was funded in part by the Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada (NSERC) and the Thunder Bay Regional Research Institute (TBRRI). MJC was supported by an NSERC Canada Graduate Scholarship (CGS). Thanks to Bastiaan Driehuys, Sivaram Kaushik, Grace Parraga, Damien Pike, John Mugler III, and Kun Qing for generously providing figures, to Brenton DeBoef for synthesizing cryptophanes, to Ralph Hashoian for making the RF coils and interface electronics, and to the Thunder Bay Regional Health Sciences Centre (TBRHSC) MR technologists for their time and assistance with MR scanning of volunteers.

Conflict of Interest

Mitchell S. Albert is a member of the International Workshop for Pulmonary Functional Imaging (IWPFI) board and also receives royalties from patents licensed to Polarean, Inc. All other authors declare that they have no conflict of interest.

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  1. Lakehead University, 955 Oliver Road, Thunder Bay, ON, P7B 5E1, Canada

    Marcus J. Couch, Matthew S. Fox, Krista M. Dowhos & Mitchell S. Albert

  2. Thunder Bay Regional Research Institute, 980 Oliver Rd, Thunder Bay, ON, P7B 6V4, Canada

    Marcus J. Couch, Boguslaw Tomanek, Alexei V. Ouriadov, Matthew S. Fox, Krista M. Dowhos & Mitchell S. Albert

  3. Institute of Nuclear Physics, Polish Academy of Sciences, Radzikowskiego 152, 31-342, Krakow, Poland

    Barbara Blasiak & Boguslaw Tomanek

  4. Department of Oncology, University of Alberta, 11560 University Avenue, Edmonton, AB, T6G 1Z2, Canada

    Boguslaw Tomanek

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  1. Marcus J. Couch
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Correspondence to Mitchell S. Albert.

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Marcus J. Couch and Barbara Blasiak Both first authors contributed equally

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Couch, M.J., Blasiak, B., Tomanek, B. et al. Hyperpolarized and Inert Gas MRI: The Future. Mol Imaging Biol 17, 149–162 (2015). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11307-014-0788-2

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