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Seasonal pattern and induction cues of diel vertical migration of Chaoborus flavicans in Lake Fukami-ike, Nagano, Japan

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Ecological Research

Abstract

Diel vertical migration (DVM), which is a well-known behavior of planktonic organisms, is influenced by several factors, including predation, ultraviolet radiation, temperature, and food. The larvae of Chaoborus (Diptera) exhibit DVM in lakes and ponds. However, it is unclear whether the DVM of Chaoborus larvae changes seasonally and whether induction cues influence the seasonal pattern of DVM. In this study, we report that Chaoborus larvae showed DVM throughout the year in a eutrophic lake (Lake Fukami-ike, Japan). Our laboratory experiment demonstrated that the larvae showed DVM in response to light change even when they were not exposed to fish kairomone at water temperatures typical of winter and summer in the studied lake. These results differed from those of previous studies on other Chaoborus populations showing that both fish kairomone and light change were necessary to induce DVM, which suggests variation in the induction cues among local populations. We suggest that for Chaoborus larvae in Lake Fukami-ike, a seasonally continuous DVM induced solely by light change is adaptive to their particular habitat where the population is exposed to fish predation throughout the year.

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Acknowledgments

We thank Dr. Syuhei Ban and three anonymous reviewers for their valuable comments. We would like to express our sincere thanks to the Anan Town authorities in Shimoina-gun, Nagano Prefecture that provided the research facilities. We especially thank Dr. Motokazu Kawanobe for sharing his unpublished data. We thank Naoto Horibe, Yuka Shirokawa, Yukako Okumura, Kento Miura, the late Isami Shimodaira, Dr. Akira Sugiyama, Dr. Yusuke Koseki and Dr. Masaaki Tanaka for their help in the laboratory and the field. This work was supported by Sasagawa Scientific Research Grant from the Japan Science Society (No. 21–508) to M. N., the Nakajima Foundation and JST, PRESTO to T. Y., and the Global COE program for Asian conservation ecology.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of General Systems Studies, The University of Tokyo, 3-8-1 Komaba, Meguro, Tokyo, 153-8902, Japan

    Mariko Nagano & Takehito Yoshida

  2. Department of Urban Environment, Aichi Institute of Technology, 1247 Yachigusa, Yakusa-cho, Toyota, Aichi, 470-0392, Japan

    Akihiko Yagi

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  1. Mariko Nagano
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  2. Akihiko Yagi
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  3. Takehito Yoshida
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Correspondence to Mariko Nagano.

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Nagano, M., Yagi, A. & Yoshida, T. Seasonal pattern and induction cues of diel vertical migration of Chaoborus flavicans in Lake Fukami-ike, Nagano, Japan. Ecol Res 30, 145–152 (2015). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11284-014-1221-7

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11284-014-1221-7

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