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Edge effects in recruitment of trees, and relationship to seed dispersal patterns, in cleared strips in the Peruvian Amazon

  • Original Article
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Ecological Research

Abstract

We investigated the spatial pattern of tree recruitment 15 years after clear-cutting in two logged strips in the Peruvian Amazon, focusing on differences between seed dispersal modes and cohorts, and relating these to spatial patterns of seed dispersal in the years immediately following clearing. Most trees that recruited in logged strips belonged to taxa dispersed by birds or nonvolant mammals, with smaller numbers dispersed by bats or wind. Seed dispersal patterns differed, with few mammal-dispersed seeds reaching strips, bird-dispersed seeds more abundant near the forest edge than strip centers, and bat- and wind-dispersed seeds more evenly distributed. However, this pattern was not reflected in the tree recruits, except in the deferment cut half of strip 2. Different dispersal modes were differentially represented in different cohorts; for example, in strip 1 bird-dispersed trees predominated in early cohorts, while trees dispersed by nonvolant mammals predominated in later cohorts. Our finding that trees dispersed by mammals (which disperse the majority of commercial trees in Amazonia) successfully regenerate from seed in the interior of logged strips highlights the value of maintaining these animals in forest management systems.

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Acknowledgments

We thank the Instituto de Investigaciones de la Amazonía Peruana for permission to carry out this research at the Centro de Investigaciones Jenaro Herrera and Rodolfo Vásquez of the Missouri Botanical Garden, Nállaret Dávila of the CIJH Herbarium, and César Grandés of the Herbario Amazonense for assistance in identifying voucher specimens. For assistance in the field, we thank Italo Melendez, Margarita Jaramillo, and César Ascorra. A portion of this research was supported by a grant to DLG and FC from USAID’s Program in Science and Technology Cooperation. Statistical analysis of the tree recruitment data was facilitated by students in Data Analysis Practicum Class (STA 660) at Miami University, Fall 2010. Two anonymous reviewers provided useful comments on an earlier draft of this manuscript.

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  1. Xanic J. Rondon

    Present address: Center for Latin American Studies, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, 32611, USA

  2. Julia M. Janosko

    Present address: , 2300 Elliott Avenue, Apt 219, Seattle, WA, 98121, USA

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Botany, Miami University, Oxford, OH, 45056, USA

    David L. Gorchov & Xanic J. Rondon

  2. Botanical Research Institute of Texas, 509 Pecan St., Fort Worth, TX, 76102-4060, USA

    Fernando Cornejo

  3. Department of Statistics, Miami University, Oxford, OH, 45056, USA

    Robert L. Schaefer, Julia M. Janosko & Greg Slutz

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  1. David L. Gorchov
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Correspondence to David L. Gorchov.

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11284_2012_999_MOESM1_ESM.xls

Appendix 1. Taxa of plants represented by seeds in the seed traps, or recruited trees alive in the final census (2004 for strip 1, 2005 for strip 2), along with assignment of dispersal modes. Seed sizes are only given for taxa represented by >10 seeds in the traps in strip 1, and (for taxa indicated by *) for taxa with <10 seeds in strip 1, but >5 seeds in strip 2 traps : L = large (width (w) > 5 mm), M = medium (5 mm > w > 1 mm), S = small (w < 1 mm and length*w > 0.6 mm2), VS = very small (length*w < 0.6 mm2). “Seed source” refers to the presence of the plant species (hence source of seeds) near the edge of each strip. Dispersal modes: A = bird, C = bat (chiropteran), G = gravity, M = nonvolant mammal, W = wind. “?” indicates taxon probably dispersed by that agent. References are for sources documenting dispersal agent of the same species (in italics) or for species in that genus. Assignment of seeds to wind-dispersal (W) is based on diaspore structure unless a citation is given (XLS 56 kb)

Appendix 2 (DOCX 14 kb)

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Gorchov, D.L., Rondon, X.J., Cornejo, F. et al. Edge effects in recruitment of trees, and relationship to seed dispersal patterns, in cleared strips in the Peruvian Amazon. Ecol Res 28, 53–65 (2013). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11284-012-0999-4

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