Skip to main content

Advertisement

SpringerLink
Log in

Estimation of prognosis of tongue cancer using tumor depth and margin shape obtained from ultrasonography

  • Original Article
  • Published:
Oral Radiology Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

Objectives

To evaluate the feasibility of using ultrasound-obtained tumor depth (TD) and margin shape (MS) to predict the prognosis of tongue cancer.

Methods

Fifty-two Japanese patients with tongue cancer who underwent ultrasound examination between 2007 and 2012 were retrospectively evaluated. TD was measured at the deepest portion of the tumor. MS was classified as “pressure,” “wedge-shaped,” or “permeated.” Prognosis was assessed by local recurrence, lymph node metastasis, and overall survival rate. We classified the patients into a good prognosis group and poor prognosis group. Relationships among TD, MS, and patient prognosis were evaluated using Spearman rank correlation. A regression formula to predict prognosis using TD and MS was derived.

Results

The correlation between TD and MS was significant (Spearman rank correlation ρ = 0.552, p < 0.01). Using a structure matrix, we identified the contribution of both predictors from an ultrasound image. The contribution of TD was 0.796, while that of MS was better at 0.906. The prognosis could be predicted using the following regression formula: \( D \, = \, - 2.801 \, + \, 0.093x \, + \, 0.872y \), where D prognosis (risk probability), x = TD (mm), and y = MS (grade). The average value for good risk probability was −0.254 (standard deviation, 0.962), while that for poor risk probability was 0.566 (standard deviation, 1.08) (p < 0.05). The cut-off value for classifying cases was −0.00169. Using the formula above, 73.1 % of patients in the poor prognosis group were correctly classified.

Conclusions

MS and TD are useful predictors of tongue cancer prognosis.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Log in via an institution

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Institutional subscriptions

Fig. 1
Fig. 2
Fig. 3

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  1. Peters LJ, Withers HD. Applying radiobiological principles to combined modality treatment of head and neck cancer—the time factor. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys. 1997;39:831–6.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  2. Yamane M, Ishii J, Izumo T, Nagasawa T, Amagasa T. Noninvasive quantitative assessment of oral tongue cancer by intraoral ultrasonography. Head Neck. 2007;29:307–14.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  3. Kaneoya A, Hasegawa S, Tanaka Y, Omura K. Quantitative analysis of invasive front in tongue cancer using ultrasonography. J Oral Maxillofac Surg. 2009;67:40–6.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  4. Shintani S, Nakayama B, Matsuura H, Hasegawa Y. Intraoral ultrasonography is useful to evaluate tumor thickness in tongue carcinoma. Am J Surg. 1997;173:345–7.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  5. Shintani S, Yoshihama Y, Ueyama Y, Terakado N, Kamei S, Fijimoto Y, et al. The usefulness of intraoral ultrasonography in the evaluation of oral cancer. Int J Oral Maxillofac Surg. 2001;30:139–43.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  6. Shinozaki Y, Jinbu Y, Ito H, Noguchi T, Kusama M, Matsumoto N, et al. Relationship between appearance of tongue carcinoma on intraoral ultrasonography and histopathologic findings. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol. 2014;117:634–9.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  7. Natori T, Koga M, Anegawa E, Nakashima Y, Tetsuka M, Yoh J, et al. Usefulness of intra-oral ultrasonography to predict neck metastasis in patients with tongue cancer. Oral Dis. 2008;14:591–9.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  8. Yuen AP, Ng RW, Lam PK, Ho A. Preoperative measurement of tumor thickness of oral tongue carcinoma with intraoral ultrasonography. Head Neck. 2008;30:230–4.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  9. Akizuki H. Intraoral ultrasonography in the evaluation of oral neoplasms. Jpn J Oral Maxillofac Surg. 1989;35:479–95.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  10. Kusukawa J, Fukuda K, Yoshida M, Kameyama T. Evaluation of intraoral ultrasonography for squamous cell carcinoma of the tongue. Jpn J Oral Maxillofac Surg. 1999;45:233–40.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  11. Choi HG, Jeon EY, Won JY, Kim JH, Lee G, Kim SW, et al. Transbuccal sonographic evaluation of the local extent of tumors of the tongue with pathological correlation. J Clin Ultrasound. 2015;43:412–6.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  12. Baek CH, Son YI, Jeong HS, Chung MK, Park KN, Ko YH, et al. Intraoral sonography-assisted resection of T1-2 tongue cancer for adequate deep resection. Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg. 2008;139:805–10.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  13. Prabhakaran SS, Ramani P, Thiruvengadam C, Veeraiyan S, Premkumar P, Natesan A, et al. Ultrasonography-guided assessment of surgical margins in oral carcinoma—study of three cases. Commun Oncol. 2008;5:78–80.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  14. Holsinger C. Ultrasonography may hold promise for pre- and intraoperative evaluation of head and neck cancers. Commun Oncol. 2008;5:80–1.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  15. Hayashi T. Application of ultrasonography in dentistry. Jpn Dent Sci Rev. 2012;48:5–13.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  16. Shim SJ, Cha J, Koom WS, Kim GE, Lee CG, Choi EC, et al. Clinical outcomes for T1-2N0-1 oral tongue cancer patients underwent surgery with and without postoperative radiotherapy. Radiat Oncol. 2010;5:43.

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  17. Almangus A, Bello IO, Santti HK, Makinen L, Kauppila JH, Pukkila M, et al. Depth of invasion, tumor budding, and worst pattern of invasion: prognostic indicators in early-stage oral cancer. Head Neck. 2014;36:811–8.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  18. Haddadin KJ, Soutar DS, Oliver RJ, Webster MH, Robertson AG, MacDonald DG. Improved survival for patients with clinically T1/T2, N0 tongue tumors undergoing a prophylactic neck dissection. Head Neck. 1999;21:517–25.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  19. Keski-Santti H, Atula T, Tornwall J, Koivunen P, Makitie A. Elective neck treatment versus observation in patients with T1/T2 N0 squamous cell carcinoma of the tongue. Oral Oncol. 2006;42:96–101.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  20. Shintani S, Matsuura H, Hasegawa Y, Nakayama B, Fujimoto J. The relationship of shape of tumor invasion to depth of invasion and cervical lymph node metastasis in squamous cell carcinoma of the tongue. Oncology. 1997;54:463–7.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  21. Bryne M. Is the invasive front of an oral carcinoma the most important area for prognostication? Oral Dis. 1998;4:70–7.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  22. MarkTaylor S, Drover C, MacEachern R, Bullock M, Hart R, Psooy B, et al. Is preoperative ultrasonography accurate in measuring tumor thickness and predicting incidence of cervical metastasis in oral cancer? Oral Oncol. 2010;46:38–41.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  23. Moore C, Kuhns JG, Greenberg RA. Thickness as prognostic aid in upper aerodigestive tract cancer. Arch Surg. 1986;121:1410–4.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  24. Brown B, Barner L, Mazariegos J, Taylor F, Johnson J, Wagner RL. Prognostic factors in mobile tongue and floor of mouth carcinoma. Cancer. 1989;64:1195–202.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  25. Pentenero M, Gandolfo S, Carrozzo M. Importance of tumor thickness and depth of invasion in nodal involvement and prognosis of oral squamous cell carcinoma: a review of literature. Head Neck. 2005;27:1080–91.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  26. Chammas MC, Macedo TA, Moyses RA, Gerhard R, Durazzo M, Cernea C, et al. Relationship between the appearance of tongue carcinoma on intraoral sonography and neck metastasis. Oral Radiol. 2011;27:1–7.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  27. An SY, Jung EJ, Lee M, Kwon TK, Sung MW, Jeon YK, et al. Factors related to regional recurrence in early stage squamous cell carcinoma of the oral tongue. Clin Exp Otorhinolaryngol. 2008;1:166–70.

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  28. Po Wing Yuen A, Lam KY, Lam LK, Ho CM, Wong A, Chow TL, et al. Prognostic factors of clinically stage I and II oral tongue carcinoma-a comparative study of stage, thickness, shape, growth pattern, invasive front malignancy grading, Martinez-Gimeno score, and pathologic features. Head Neck. 2002;24:513–20.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  29. Jacobsson PA, Eneroth GM, Killander D, Moberger G, Martensson B. Histologic classification and grading of malignancy in carcinoma of the larynx. Acta Radiol. 1973;12:1–7.

    Google Scholar 

  30. Yamamoto E, Kohama GI, Sunakawa H, Iwai M, Hiratsuka H. Mode of invasion, bleomycin sensitivity and clinical course in squamous cell carcinoma. Cancer. 1983;51:2175–80.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  31. Kurokawa H, Zhang M, Matsumoto S, Yamashita Y, Tomoyose T, Tanaka H. The high prognostic value of the histologic grade at the deep invasive front of tongue squamous cell carcinoma. J Oral Pathol Med. 2005;34:329–33.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Radiology, Faculty of Dental Science, Kyushu University, Maidashi 3-1-1, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka, 812-8582, Japan

    Sitti Fadhillah Oemar Mattalitti & Kazunori Yoshiura

  2. Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Radiology, Kyushu University Hospital, Maidashi 3-1-1, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka, 812-8582, Japan

    Toshiyuki Kawazu

  3. Section of Oral and Maxillofacial Oncology, Division of Maxillofacial Diagnostic and Surgical Sciences, Faculty of Dental Science, Kyushu University, Maidashi 3-1-1, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka, 812-8582, Japan

    Shintaro Kawano & Tatsuya Ikari

  4. Laboratory of Oral Pathology, Division of Maxillofacial Diagnostic and Surgical Sciences, Faculty of Dental Science, Kyushu University, Maidashi 3-1-1, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka, 812-8582, Japan

    Hiroko Wada

Authors
  1. Sitti Fadhillah Oemar Mattalitti
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. Toshiyuki Kawazu
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  3. Shintaro Kawano
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  4. Tatsuya Ikari
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  5. Hiroko Wada
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  6. Kazunori Yoshiura
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Sitti Fadhillah Oemar Mattalitti.

Ethics declarations

Conflict of interest

Sitti Fadhillah Oemar Mattalitti, Toshiyuki Kawazu, Shintaro Kawano, Tatsuya Ikari, Hiroko Wada, and Kazunori Yoshiura declare that they have no conflict of interest.

Human rights statement and informed consent

All procedures followed were in accordance with the ethical standards of the responsible committee on human experimentation (institutional and national) and with the Helsinki Declaration of 1964 and later versions. Informed consent was obtained from all patients for being included in the study.

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this article

Mattalitti, S.F.O., Kawazu, T., Kawano, S. et al. Estimation of prognosis of tongue cancer using tumor depth and margin shape obtained from ultrasonography. Oral Radiol 33, 101–107 (2017). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11282-016-0251-y

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Accepted:

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11282-016-0251-y

Keywords

Search

Navigation