Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

CRWSNP: cooperative range-free wireless sensor network positioning algorithm

  • Published:
Wireless Networks Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

Sensing events occur in an area without knowing the events locations, is meaningless. Since there is no priorly knowledge about the locations of most of the sensors which scattered randomly in an area, wireless sensor network localization methods try to find out where sensors are located. A new cooperative and distributed range-free localization algorithm, based on only connectivity information is proposed in this paper. The method first uses convex optimization techniques to find primitive target nodes locations estimation, then nodes cooperate with each other in several iterations to improve the whole network location estimation. CRWSNP converges after a finite number of iterations because of applying two novel heuristic location correction techniques. As well as, results of the algorithm have been compared with six range-free based methods like CPE, DV-hop, APIT; and CRWSNP algorithm provides more accurate results over 50 random topologies for the network, in mean error and maximum error metrics.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Log in via an institution

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Institutional subscriptions

Fig. 1
Fig. 2
Fig. 3
Fig. 4
Fig. 5
Fig. 6
Fig. 7
Fig. 8
Fig. 9
Fig. 10
Fig. 11
Fig. 12

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  1. Kumaresan, R., & Tufts, D. W. (1983). Estimating the angles of arrival of multiple plane waves. IEEE Transactions on Aerospace and Electronic Systems, 1, 134–139.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  2. Agee, B. G. (1991). The copy/DF approach to signal-specific emitter location. In 1991 conference record of the twenty-fifth Asilomar conference on signals, systems and computers (pp. 994–999). IEEE.

  3. Bliss, D. W., & Forsythe, K. W. (2000). Angle of arrival estimation in the presence of multiple access interference for CDMA cellular phone systems. In Sensor array and multichannel signal processing workshop. Proceedings of the 2000 IEEE (pp. 408–412). IEEE.

  4. Klukas, R., & Fattouche, M. (1998). Line-of-sight angle of arrival estimation in the outdoor multipath environment. IEEE Transactions on Vehicular Technology, 47(1), 342–351.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  5. Li, J., Halder, B., Stoica, P., & Viberg, M. (1995). Computationally efficient angle estimation for signals with known waveforms. IEEE Transactions on Signal Processing, 43(9), 2154–2163.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  6. Pierre, J., & Kaveh, M. (1995). Experimental evaluation of high-resolution direction-finding algorithms using a calibrated sensor array testbed. Digital Signal Processing, 5(4), 243–254.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  7. Roy, R., & Kailath, T. (1989). ESPRIT-estimation of signal parameters via rotational invariance techniques. IEEE Transactions on Acoustics, Speech and Signal Processing, 37(7), 984–995.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  8. Schmidt, R. O. (1986). Multiple emitter location and signal parameter estimation. IEEE Transactions on Antennas and Propagation, 34(3), 276–280.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  9. Ziskind, I., & Wax, M. (1988). Maximum likelihood localization of multiple sources by alternating projection. IEEE Transactions on Acoustics, Speech and Signal Processing, 36(10), 1553–1560.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  10. Al-Jazzar, S., Caffery, J., & You, H.-R. (2002). A scattering model based approach to NLOS mitigation in TOA location systems. In IEEE 55th vehicular technology conference. VTC Spring 2002 (Vol. 2, pp. 861–865). IEEE.

  11. Wang, X., Wang, Z., & O’Dea, B. (2003). A TOA-based location algorithm reducing the errors due to non-line-of-sight (NLOS) propagation. IEEE Transactions on Vehicular Technology, 52(1), 112–116.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  12. Wylie, M. P., & Holtzman, J. (1996). The non-line of sight problem in mobile location estimation. In 1996 5th IEEE International Conference on Universal Personal Communications. Record (Vol. 2, pp. 827–831). IEEE.

  13. Venkatraman, S., Caffery, J., & You, H.-R. (2004). A novel TOA location algorithm using LOS range estimation for NLOS environments. IEEE Transactions on Vehicular Technology, 53(5), 1515–1524.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  14. Chan, E. C., Baciu, G., & Mak, S. (2009). Using Wi-Fi signal strength to localize in wireless sensor networks. In WRI international conference on communications and mobile computing. CMC’09 (Vol. 1, pp. 538–542). IEEE.

  15. Kang, J., Kim, D., & Kim, Y. (2007). RSS self-calibration protocol for WSN localization. In Wireless pervasive computing.

  16. Kumar, P., Reddy, L., & Varma, S. (2009). Distance measurement and error estimation scheme for RSSI based localization in wireless sensor networks. In 2009 fifth IEEE conference on wireless communication and sensor networks (WCSN) (pp. 1–4). IEEE.

  17. Morelli, C., Nicoli, M., Rampa, V., Spagnolini, U., & Alippi, C. (2006). Particle filters for RSS-based localization in wireless sensor networks: An experimental study. In 2006 IEEE international conference on acoustics, speech and signal processing. ICASSP 2006 Proceedings (Vol. 4, pp. IV–IV). IEEE.

  18. Vaghefi, R. M., Gholami, M. R., & Strom, E. G. (2011). RSS-based sensor localization with unknown transmit power. In 2011 IEEE international conference on acoustics, speech and signal processing (ICASSP) (pp. 2480–2483). IEEE.

  19. Wu, D., Liu, Q., Li, Y., McCann, J. A., Regan, A. C., & Venkatasubramanian, N. (2016). Adaptive lookup of open WiFi using crowdsensing. IEEE/ACM Transactions on Networking, PP(99), 1–14. doi:10.1109/tnet.2016.2533399.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  20. Fu, Y., Liu, H., Qin, J., & Xing, T. (2006). The localization of wireless sensor network nodes based on DSSS. In 2006 IEEE international conference on electro/information technology (pp. 465–469). IEEE.

  21. Priyantha, N. B., Miu, A. K., Balakrishnan, H., & Teller, S. (2001). The cricket compass for context-aware mobile applications. In Proceedings of the 7th annual international conference on mobile computing and networking (pp. 1–14). ACM.

  22. Shih, C.-Y., & Marrón, P. J. (2010). COLA: Complexity-reduced trilateration approach for 3D localization in wireless sensor networks. In 2010 fourth international conference on sensor technologies and applications (SENSORCOMM) (pp. 24–32). IEEE.

  23. Yang, Z., & Liu, Y. (2010). Quality of trilateration: Confidence-based iterative localization. IEEE Transactions on Parallel and Distributed Systems, 21(5), 631–640.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  24. Singh, S. P., & Sharma, S. (2015). Range free localization techniques in wireless sensor networks: A review. Procedia Computer Science, 57, 7–16.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  25. Shang, Y., Rumi, W., Zhang, Y., & Fromherz, M. (2004). Localization from connectivity in sensor networks. IEEE Transactions on Parallel and Distributed Systems, 15(11), 961–974.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  26. Niculescu, D., & Nath, B. (2003). DV based positioning in ad hoc networks. Telecommunication Systems, 22(1–4), 267–280.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  27. Ji, W.-W., & Liu, Z. (2006). An improvement of DV-Hop algorithm in wireless sensor networks. In International conference on wireless communications, networking and mobile computing. WiCOM 2006 (pp. 1–4). IEEE.

  28. Chen, H., Sezaki, K., Deng, P., & So, H. C. (2008). An improved DV-Hop localization algorithm for wireless sensor networks. In 3rd IEEE conference on industrial electronics and applications. ICIEA 2008 (pp. 1557–1561). IEEE.

  29. Xiang, M., Hu, Y., & Li, L. (2011). A connectivity based localization algorithm for sensor network. In 2011 international conference on network computing and information security (NCIS) (Vol. 2, pp. 273–277). IEEE.

  30. Mao, G., Fidan, B., & Anderson, B. D. (2007). Wireless sensor network localization techniques. Computer Networks, 51(10), 2529–2553.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  31. Wu, D., Bao, L., & Li, R. (2011). Robust localization protocols and algorithms in wireless sensor networks using UWB. Ad Hoc & Sensor Wireless Networks, 11(3–4), 219–243.

    Google Scholar 

  32. He, T., Huang, C., Blum, B. M., Stankovic, J. A., & Abdelzaher, T. (2003). Range-free localization schemes for large scale sensor networks. In Proceedings of the 9th annual international conference on mobile computing and networking (pp. 81–95). ACM.

  33. Nagpal, R. (1999). Organizing a global coordinate system from local information on an amorphous computer. A.I. Memo No. 1666. MIT.

  34. Nagpal, R., Shrobe, H., & Bachrach, J. (2003). Organizing a global coordinate system from local information on an ad hoc sensor network. In Information processing in sensor networks (pp. 333–348). Springer.

  35. Bulusu, N., Heidemann, J., & Estrin, D. (2000). GPS-less low-cost outdoor localization for very small devices. IEEE Personal Communications, 7(5), 28–34.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  36. Zhang, S., Cao, J., Li-Jun, C., & Chen, D. (2010). Accurate and energy-efficient range-free localization for mobile sensor networks. IEEE Transactions on Mobile Computing, 9(6), 897–910.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  37. Doherty, L., Pister, K. S., & El Ghaoui, L. (2001). Convex position estimation in wireless sensor networks. In INFOCOM 2001. Twentieth Annual Joint Conference of the IEEE Computer and Communications Societies. Proceedings (Vol. 3, pp. 1655–1663). IEEE.

  38. Sheu, J.-P., Chen, P.-C., & Hsu, C.-S. (2008). A distributed localization scheme for wireless sensor networks with improved grid-scan and vector-based refinement. IEEE Transactions on Mobile Computing, 7(9), 1110–1123.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  39. Sheu, J.-P., Li, J.-M., & Hsu, C.-S. (2006). A distributed location estimating algorithm for wireless sensor networks. In IEEE international conference on sensor networks, ubiquitous, and trustworthy computing (SUTC’06) (Vol. 1, 8 pp.). IEEE.

  40. Gholami, M. R., Wymeersch, H., Gezici, S., & Strom, E. G. (2013). Distributed bounding of feasible sets in cooperative wireless network positioning. IEEE Communications Letters, 17(8), 1596–1599.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  41. Wymeersch, H., Lien, J., & Win, M. Z. (2009). Cooperative localization in wireless networks. Proceedings of the IEEE, 97(2), 427–450.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  42. Gholami, M. R., Ström, E. G., Wymeersch, H., & Rydström, M. (2015). On geometric upper bounds for positioning algorithms in wireless sensor networks. Signal Processing, 111, 179–193.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  43. Boyd, S., & Grant, M. (2013). CVX: Matlab software for disciplined convex programming.

  44. Li, S., Ding, X., & Yang, T. (2015). Analysis of five typical localization algorithms for wireless sensor networks. Wireless Sensor Network, 7(04), 27.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  45. Kuhn, F., Wattenhofer, R., & Zollinger, A. (2008). Ad hoc networks beyond unit disk graphs. Wireless Networks, 14(5), 715–729.

    Article  Google Scholar 

Download references

Acknowledgements

The authors wish to thank Dr. Shahrokh Farahmand for his helpful comments regarding the revised version of the manuscript.

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Electrical and Computer Engineering Department, Iranian Research Organization of Science and Technology, Tehran, Iran

    Fatemeh Darakeh & Gholam-Reza Mohammad-Khani

  2. Electrical and Computer Engineering Department, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran

    Paeiz Azmi

Authors
  1. Fatemeh Darakeh
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. Gholam-Reza Mohammad-Khani
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  3. Paeiz Azmi
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Gholam-Reza Mohammad-Khani.

Electronic supplementary material

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this article

Darakeh, F., Mohammad-Khani, GR. & Azmi, P. CRWSNP: cooperative range-free wireless sensor network positioning algorithm. Wireless Netw 24, 2881–2897 (2018). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11276-017-1505-2

Download citation

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11276-017-1505-2

Keywords

Search

Navigation