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In vitro study of the growth, development and pathogenicity responses of Fusarium oxysporum to phthalic acid, an autotoxin from Lanzhou lily

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Abstract

Continuous monoculture of Lanzhou lily (Lilium davidii var. unicolor Cotton) results in frequent incidence of fusarium wilt caused by Fusarium oxysporum. Phthalic acid (PA), a principal autotoxin from root exudates of Lanzhou lily, is involved in soil sickness by inducing autotoxicity. The aim of this study was to evaluate the direct allelopathic effects of PA on the growth, development and pathogenicity of F. oxysporum in vitro based on an ecologically relevant soil concentration. The results showed that PA slightly but not significantly inhibited the colony growth (mycelial growth) and fungal biomass of F. oxysporum at low concentrations ranging from 0.05 to 0.5 mM, and significantly inhibited the colony growth at the highest concentration (1 mM). None of the PA concentrations tested significantly inhibited the conidial germination and sporulation of F. oxysporum in liquid medium. However, mycotoxin (fusaric acid) yield and pathogenesis-related hydrolytic enzyme (protease, pectinase, cellulase, and amylase) activities were significantly stimulated in liquid cultures of F. oxysporum containing PA at ≥0.25 mM. We conclude that PA at a soil level (i.e. 0.25 mM) is involved in plant–pathogen allelopathy as a stimulator of mycotoxin production and hydrolytic enzyme activities in F. oxysporum, which is possibly one of the mechanisms responsible for promoting the wilt disease of lily.

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Acknowledgments

This work was financially supported by the Ningxia Agricultural Comprehensive Development Office (NTKJ2014091), National Natural Science Foundation of China (31370447) and Hundred Talents Program of CAS “Molecular mechanism of biological control on plant diseases.”

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    1. Gaolan Station of Agricultural and Ecological Experiment, Cold and Arid Regions Environmental and Engineering Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou, 730000, China

      Zhijiang Wu, Liu Yang, Ruoyu Wang, Yubao Zhang, Qianhan Shang, Le Wang, Qin Ren & Zhongkui Xie

    2. University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China

      Zhijiang Wu, Liu Yang, Qianhan Shang, Le Wang & Qin Ren

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    Wu, Z., Yang, L., Wang, R. et al. In vitro study of the growth, development and pathogenicity responses of Fusarium oxysporum to phthalic acid, an autotoxin from Lanzhou lily. World J Microbiol Biotechnol 31, 1227–1234 (2015). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11274-015-1872-8

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