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Production of xylanases by mangrove fungi from the Philippines and their application in enzymatic pretreatment of recycled paper pulps

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Abstract

Mangrove fungi are vastly unexplored for enzymes with industrial application. This study aimed to assess the biocatalytic activity of mangrove fungal xylanases on recycled paper pulp. Forty-four mangrove fungal (MF) isolates were initially screened for xylanolytic activity in minimal medium with corn cob xylan as the sole carbon source. Eight MF were further cultivated under submerged fermentation for the production of crude xylanases. These crude enzymes were then characterized and tested for the pretreatment of recycled paper pulps. Results showed that 93 % of the tested MF isolates exhibited xylanolytic activity in solid medium. In submerged fermentation, salinity improved the growth of the fungal isolates but did not influence xylanase production. The crude xylanases were mostly optimally active at 50 °C and pH 7. Changes in pH had a greater effect on xylanase stability than temperature. More than half of the activity was lost at pH 9 for majority of the crude enzymes. However, two thermophilic xylanases from Fusarium sp. KAWIT-A and Aureobasidium sp. 2LIPA-M and one alkaliphilic xylanase from Phomopsis sp. MACA-J were also produced. All crude enzymes exhibited cellulase activities ranging from 4 to 21 U/ml. Enzymatic pretreatment of recycled paper pulps with 5 % consistency produced 70–650 mg of reducing sugars per gram of pulp at 50 °C after 60 min. The release of high amounts of reducing sugars showed the potential of mangrove fungal crude xylanases in the local paper and pulp industry. The diverse properties shown by the tested crude enzymes also indicate its potential applications to other enzyme-requiring industries.

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Acknowledgments

This research project is supported by research grants from the Department of Science and Technology—Philippine Council for Health Research and Development (DOST-PCHRD) and University of Santo Tomas—Research Center for the Natural and Applied Sciences. JM Torres gratefully acknowledges the DOST- Accelerated Science and Technology Human Resources Development Program for the graduate scholarship and Dr. Thidarat Nimchua of the Enzyme Technology Laboratory, National Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (BIOTEC), Thailand, for the training in enzyme assays.

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The authors declare that they have no conflict of interest.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. The Graduate School and Research Center for the Natural and Applied Sciences, University of Santo Tomas, España, 1015, Manila, Philippines

    Jeremy Martin O. Torres & Thomas Edison E. dela Cruz

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  1. Jeremy Martin O. Torres
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  2. Thomas Edison E. dela Cruz
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Correspondence to Jeremy Martin O. Torres.

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Torres, J.M.O., dela Cruz, T.E.E. Production of xylanases by mangrove fungi from the Philippines and their application in enzymatic pretreatment of recycled paper pulps. World J Microbiol Biotechnol 29, 645–655 (2013). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11274-012-1220-1

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11274-012-1220-1

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