Skip to main content

Advertisement

SpringerLink
Log in

Pressure Management Through Optimal Location and Setting of Valves in Water Distribution Networks Using a Music-Inspired Approach

  • Published:
Water Resources Management Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

Pressure management through Pressure Reducing Valves (PRVs) is probably the most used approach related to the leakage management in Water Distribution Networks (WDNs). Its effectiveness in reducing the amount of water losses in existing networks has been highlighted in many papers. In this study, the topic is addressed with particular reference to meta-heuristic optimization techniques, that have proved to be very effective in producing good results with reduced use of computational resources. In particular, the application of the Harmony-Search (HS) method to the location and setting of a pre-fixed number of PRVs is proposed and discussed. A single objective optimization problem is defined which aims at the leakage reduction through the minimization of the water pressures. A double harmonic component is adopted for taking into account both the location and the setting of each PRV. The hydraulic constraints handled by a simulation software are considered as well. The approach is applied to a couple of WDNs: one is the Jowitt and Xu well-known literature test case and the other is a real WDN in Naples, called Napoli Est. The methodology has showed very good results compared to those obtained by using classical Genetic Algorithm techniques both in terms of leakage reduction and computation time.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Log in via an institution

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Institutional subscriptions

Fig. 1
Fig. 2
Fig. 3
Fig. 4
Fig. 5
Fig. 6
Fig. 7
Fig. 8
Fig. 9
Fig. 10

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  • Ali M (2015) Knowledge-based optimization model for control valve locations in water distribution networks. J Water Resour Plan Manag 141(1):04014048

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Araujo L S, Ramos H M, Coelho S T (2003) Estimation of distributed pressure-dependent leakage and consumer demand in water supply networks. Advance in Water Supply Management. Imperial College London, 15–17 September 2003

  • Araujo LS, Ramos H, Coelho ST (2006) Pressure control for leakage minimisation in water distribution systems management. Water Resour Manag 20(1):133–149

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Charbonneau P, Knapp B (1995) A user’s guide to PIKAIA 1.0. NCAR (National Center for Atmospheric Research) Technical Note, Boulder

  • Cisty M (2009) Automated calibration of the simulation model of irrigation projects by harmony search optimization. J Water Land Dev 12:3–13. doi:10.2478/v10025-009-0001-1

    Google Scholar 

  • Creaco E, Franchini M (2013) A new algorithm for the real time pressure control in water distribution networks. Water Sci Technol Water Supply 13(4):875–882. doi:10.2166/ws.2013.074

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Creaco E, Pezzinga G (2015) Multiobjective optimization of pipe replacements and control valve installations for leakage attenuation in water distribution networks. J Water Resour Plan Manag 141(3):04014059

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Dandy GC, Simpson AR, Murphy LJ (1996) An improved genetic algorithm for pipe network optimization. Water Resour Res 32(2):449–458

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • De Paola F, Fontana N, Galdiero E, Giugni M, Savic DA, Sorgenti degli Uberti G (2014) Automatic multi-objective sectorization of a water distribution network. Procedia Eng 89:1200–1207

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • De Paola F, Galdiero E, Giugni M (2016) A jazz-based approach for optimal setting of Pressure Reducing Valves in water distribution networks. Eng Optim. doi:10.1080/0305215X.2015.1042476

    Google Scholar 

  • Eck B, Mevissen M (2012) Valve placement in water networks: mixed-integer non-linear optimization with quadratic pipe friction. IBM Res Rep (RC25307)

  • Farley M, Trow S (2003) Losses in water distribution networks. A practitioners guide to assessment, monitoring and control. IWA Publishing, London

    Google Scholar 

  • Fontana N, Giugni M, Portolano D (2012) Losses reduction and energy production in water-distribution networks. J Water Resour Plan Manag 138:237–244

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Geem ZW (2006) Optimal cost design of water distribution networks using harmony search. Eng Optim 38(3):259–1277

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Geem Z W (2009) Hydraulic analysis of water distribution network using harmony search. Proc World Environ Water Resour Congr 1–9

  • Geem Z W, Kim J, Loganathan G V (2001) A new heuristic optimization algorithm: harmony search. Simulation 76(2). doi:10.1177/003754970107600201

  • Germanopoulos G, Jowitt PW (1989) Leakage reduction by excessive pressure minimization in a water supply network. Proc Inst Civ Eng 2(87):195–214. doi:10.1680/iicep.1989.2003

    Google Scholar 

  • Jowitt PW, Xu C (1990) Optimal valve control in water-distribution networks. J Water Resour Plan Manag 116(4):455–472

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Liberatore S, Sechi GM (2009) Location and calibration of valves in water distribution networks using a scatter-search meta-heuristic approach. Water Resour Manag 23:1479–1495

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Morley M S, Tricarico C (2008) Pressure driven demand extension for EPANET (EPANETpdd). Technical Report 2008–02, Centre for Water Systems, University of Exeter, UK

  • Murphy LJ, Simpson AR, Dandy G (1993) Design of a network using genetic algorithms. Water 20:40–42

    Google Scholar 

  • Nazif S, Karamouz M, Tabesh M, Moridi A (2010) Pressure management model for urban water distribution networks. Water Resour Manag 24(3):437–458

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Nicolini M, Giacomello C, Deb K (2011) Calibration and optimal leakage management for a real water distribution network. J Water Resour Plan Manag 137(1):134–142

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Reca J, Martinez J (2006) Genetic algorithms for the design of looped irrigation water distribution networks. Water Resour Res 42(5):W05416

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Reis FR, Porto RM, Chaudhry FH (1997) Optimal location of control valves in pipe networks by genetic algorithm. J Water Resour Plan Manag 123(6):317–326

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Rossmann L (2000) EPANET 2 user’s manual. U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, OH, 2000

  • Savic DA, Walters GA (1995) An evolution program for optimal pressure regulation in water distribution networks. Eng Optim 24(3):197–219

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Sivakumar P, Prasad RK (2015) Extended period simulation of pressure-deficient networks using pressure reducing valves. Water Resour Manag 29(5):1713–1730

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Sterling MJH, Bargiela A (1984) Leakage reduction by optimised control of valves in water networks. Trans Inst Meas Control 6:293–298

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Tamer Ayvaz M (2009) Application of Harmony Search algorithm to the solution of groundwater management models. Adv Water Resour 32:916–924

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Thornton J (2003) Managing leakage by managing pressure: a practical approach. Water21 5.5, 43–44

  • Vairavamoorthy K, Lumbers J (1998) Leakage reduction in water distribution systems: optimal valve control. J Hydraul Eng 11(124):1146–1154

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Walters GA, Halhal D, Savic DA, Ouazar D (1999) Improved design of “Anytown” distribution network using structured messy genetic algorithms. Urban Water 1(1):23–38

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Xu Q, Chen Q, Ma J, Blanckaert K, Wan Z (2014) Water saving and energy reduction through pressure management in urban water distribution networks. Water Resour Manag 28(11):3715–3726

    Article  Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Civil, Architectural and Environmental Engineering, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy

    Francesco De Paola, Maurizio Giugni & Davide Portolano

Authors
  1. Francesco De Paola
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. Maurizio Giugni
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  3. Davide Portolano
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Francesco De Paola.

Ethics declarations

Conflict of Interest

No conflict of interest.

Additional information

Davide Portolano Ph.D., Freelance professional.

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this article

De Paola, F., Giugni, M. & Portolano, D. Pressure Management Through Optimal Location and Setting of Valves in Water Distribution Networks Using a Music-Inspired Approach. Water Resour Manage 31, 1517–1533 (2017). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11269-017-1592-y

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Accepted:

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11269-017-1592-y

Keywords

Search

Navigation