Abstract
Despite several decades of Sport for All policies, opportunities for sports participation are still unequally divided, with certain socially disadvantaged groups having less access to sports. To reduce this gap, structural efforts are needed. A question that arises is what role nonprofit sports clubs can fulfill in this matter. In this study, first, it is explored how nonprofit sports clubs perceive their role and responsibility towards socially disadvantaged groups and how they act on it. Second, it is investigated which factors predict the presence or absence of efforts from nonprofit sports clubs for lowering barriers. For this second question, we focus on people living in poverty. Data are based on a survey among 580 nonprofit sports clubs throughout Flanders (Belgium). The findings indicate that the human resources capacity of the club is not the main barrier. It is argued that local sports authorities and sports federations have an important part to play in supporting and encouraging sports clubs in terms of social inclusionary policies, for example by instilling awareness.
Résumé
Malgré plusieurs décennies de politiques favorisant le « sport pour tous » , les occasions sont toujours inégalement réparties et l’accès au sport de certains groupes désavantagés est restreint. Des efforts structuraux sont requis pour remédier à cela. Une question se pose : quel rôle les clubs sportifs sans but lucratif peuvent-ils jouer dans ce sens? Dans la présente étude, nous explorons d’abord la façon dont les clubs sportifs sans but lucratif perçoivent leur rôle et leurs responsabilités envers les groupes désavantagés et les gestes qu’ils posent pour ces derniers. En second lieu, nous étudions les facteurs de prédiction de la présence ou de l’absence d’initiatives de ces clubs pour éliminer les obstacles. Pour ce faire, nous axons nos recherches sur les gens vivant sous le seuil de la pauvreté. Les données sont basées sur un sondage de 580 clubs sportifs sans but lucratif de Flandre (Belgique). Les résultats démontrent que la capacité des ressources humaines desdits clubs ne constitue pas le principal obstacle. L’article avance que les autorités et fédérations sportives locales ont un rôle essentiel à jouer pour soutenir et encourager les clubs sportifs dans le domaine des politiques d’inclusion sociale, notamment par la sensibilisation.
Zusammenfassung
Trotz des jahrzehntelangen Regelwerks „Sport for All“sind die Möglichkeiten zur Sportbeteiligung noch immer ungleich verteilt und gewisse sozial benachteiligte Gruppen haben einen eingeschränkteren Zugang zum Sport. Es sind strukturelle Bemühungen erforderlich, um diese Lücke zu schließen. Eine Frage ist, welche Rolle gemeinnützige Sportvereine in diesem Zusammenhang spielen können. In der vorliegenden Studie wird erstens erforscht, wie gemeinnützige Sportvereine ihre Rolle und Verantwortung für sozial benachteiligte Gruppen wahrnehmen und ausführen. Zweitens werden die Faktoren untersucht, die die Bemühungen bzw. fehlenden Bemühungen seitens gemeinnütziger Sportvereine zur Senkung der Barrieren voraussagen. Bei diesem zweiten Punkt konzentriert man sich auf Menschen, die in Armut leben. Die Daten beruhen auf einer Befragung von 580 gemeinnützigen Sportvereinen in Flandern (Belgien). Die Ergebnisse zeigen, dass die personelle Kapazität des Vereins nicht die größte Barriere darstellt. Es wird behauptet, dass die lokalen Sportbehörden und Sportverbände die wichtige Funktion übernehmen müssen, Sportvereine mit Hinblick auf Richtlinien zur sozialen Einbindung zu unterstützen und zu fördern, zum Beispiel indem sie ein entsprechendes Bewusstsein schaffen.
Resumen
A pesar de varias décadas de políticas de Deporte para Todos, las oportunidades para participar en deportes siguen estando divididas de manera desigual, y determinados grupos socialmente desfavorecidos obtienen un menor acceso a los deportes. Para reducir esta brecha, se necesitan esfuerzos estructurales. Una pregunta que surge es qué papel pueden desempeñar los clubes deportivos sin ánimo de lucro. En el presente estudio, en primer lugar, se explora cómo los clubes deportivos sin ánimo de lucro perciben su papel y su responsabilidad hacia los grupos socialmente desfavorecidos y cómo actúan sobre esto. En segundo lugar, se investiga qué factores predicen la presencia o ausencia de esfuerzos de los clubes deportivos sin ánimo de lucro para disminuir las barreras. Para esta segunda pregunta, nos centramos en personas que viven en la pobreza. Los datos se basan en una encuesta entre 580 clubes deportivos sin ánimo de lucro en todo Flandes (Bélgica). Los hallazgos indican que la capacidad en recursos humanos del club no es la principal barrera. Se argumenta que las autoridades deportivas locales y las federaciones de deportes tienen un importante papel que desempeñar apoyando y alentando a los clubes deportivos en términos de políticas de inclusión social, por ejemplo, mediante la sensibilización.
摘要
尽管已经实施所有体育政策数十年,但是体育参与的机会仍分配不公,某些弱势群体接触体育的机会更少。为缩小这一差距,需要结构性努力。由此出现的一个问题是,非盈利体育俱乐部应在这一事务中扮演的角色。本研究首先探讨了非盈利体育俱乐部如何看待有关弱势群体的角色和责任,以及如何履行。其次,研究调查了哪些因素预测非盈利体育俱乐部是否为降低门槛作出了努力。对于第二个问题,我们专注于贫困人口。数据基于对整个弗兰德斯(比利时)的580家非盈利体育俱乐部进行的调查。调查结果表明,俱乐部的人力资源能力不是主要的障碍。有人认为,当地体育当局和体育联盟在支持和鼓励体育俱乐部的社会包容性政策方面扮演重要角色,例如灌输意识。.
ملخص
على الرغم من عدة عقود من الرياضة لجميع السياسات ، فرص المشاركة الرياضية لا تزال منقسمة بشكل غير متساوي، مع بعض الجماعات المحرومة إجتماعيا” فرص أقل للوصول إلى الرياضة. لتقليل هذه الفجوة، هناك حاجة إلى جهود هيكلية. السؤال الذي يطرح نفسه هو ما دور الأندية الرياضية الغير ربحية الذي يمكن تحقيقه في هذا الموضوع. في هذه الدراسة، أولا”، تم إكتشاف كيف الأندية الرياضية الغير ربحية تنظر إلى دورها ومسؤوليتها تجاه الفئات المحرومة إجتماعيا” وكيف يتصرفون في ذلك. ثانيا”، تم التحقيق في أي العوامل التي نتوقع وجود أو عدم وجود جهود من الأندية الرياضية الغير ربحية لخفض الحواجز. لهذا السؤال الثاني، نحن نركز على الأشخاص الذين يعيشون في فقر. تستند البيانات على إستطلاع رأي بين 580 من النوادي الرياضية الغير ربحية في جميع أنحاء فلاندرز (بلجيكا). تشير النتائج إلى أن قدرات الموارد البشرية في النادي ليست هي العائق الرئيسي. تجادل أن السلطات الرياضية المحلية والإتحادات الرياضية لها دور هام في دعم وتشجيع الأندية الرياضية من حيث إحتواء السياسات الإجتماعية، على سبيل المثال عن طريق غرس الوعي.
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Vandermeerschen, H., Meganck, J., Seghers, J. et al. Sports, Poverty and the Role of the Voluntary Sector. Exploring and Explaining Nonprofit Sports Clubs’ Efforts to Facilitate Participation of Socially Disadvantaged People. Voluntas 28, 307–334 (2017). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11266-016-9799-8
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11266-016-9799-8