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Systematic Review of Motives for Episodic Volunteering

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Abstract

Although episodic volunteers are a critical resource for many organisations, their motives for volunteering are poorly understood. A systematic review was conducted to describe empirical evidence about motives for episodic volunteering (EV) across sectors (sport, tourism, events, health and social welfare). Identified EV motives were then categorised using core functions from the Volunteer Functions Inventory (VFI) for comparison across studies. Twelve databases (1990–December 2014) were searched. Thirty-three English language studies included results describing EV motives. Studies were predominantly cross-sectional, quantitative, event-based and originating in North America. Measurement of motives was also inconsistent. Common motives were helping others and socialising. Physical challenge and healing motives were specific to sport-based events and charity sport events, respectively. Over 80 % of motives were classified using VFI functions, particularly enhancement, values and social functions. The VFI supplemented by qualitative work may be efficacious to further identify EV motives and retention strategies.

Résumé

Bien que le bénévolat occasionnel soit une ressource essentielle pour de nombreuses organisations, les motivations pour faire du bénévolat sont mal comprises. Une étude systématique a été menée pour décrire les preuves empiriques sur les motivations au bénévolat occasionnel dans tous les secteurs (sport, tourisme, évènements, santé et protection sociale). Les motivations identifiées au bénévolat occasionnel ont été ensuite classées à l’aide de fonctions de base de l’inventaire des fonctions du bénévolat à des fins de comparaison entre différentes études. Des recherches ont été menées dans douze bases de données (de 1990 à décembre 2014). Trente-trois études rédigées en anglais ont inclus des résultats décrivant les motivations au bénévolat occasionnel. Ces études ont été essentiellement transversales, quantitatives, basées sur des évènements et issues d’Amérique du Nord. La mesure des motivations était également contradictoire. Les motivations communes aidaient les autres et la vie sociale. L’effort physique et des motivations pour guérir étaient spécifiques respectivement aux évènements axés sur le sport et aux évènements caritatifs sportifs. Plus de 80 % des motivations ont été classées à l’aide des fonctions de l’inventaire des fonctions du bénévolat, particulièrement la mise en valeur, les valeurs et les fonctions sociales. L’inventaire des fonctions du bénévolat complété par un travail qualitatif peut être efficace pour mieux identifier les motivations au bénévolat occasionnel et les stratégies de rétention.

Zusammenfassung

Obwohl temporäre ehrenamtliche Mitarbeiter für viele Organisationen eine wichtige Ressource darstellen, werden deren Motive für eine ehrenamtliche Tätigkeit nicht wirklich verstanden. Es wurde eine systematische Prüfung durchgeführt, um die empirischen Daten zu den Motiven für eine temporäre ehrenamtliche Tätigkeit in verschiedenen Bereichen (Sport, Tourismus, Veranstaltungen, Gesundheits- und Sozialwesen) zu beschreiben. Die herausgestellten Motive für eine temporäre ehrenamtliche Tätigkeit wurden sodann beruhend auf den Kernfunktionen aus der VFI-Skala (Volunteer Functions Inventory) zum Vergleich zwischen verschiedenen Studien in Kategorien unterteilt. Man durchsuchte zwölf Datenbanken (1990 bis Dezember 2014). 33 Studien in englischer Sprache enthielten Ergebnisse, die die Motive für eine temporäre ehrenamtliche Tätigkeit beschrieben. Es handelte sich hauptsächlich um Querschnittsstudien, quantitative, ereignisbasierte und nordamerikanische Studien. Die Messung der Motive war uneinheitlich. Verbreitete Motive waren, anderen zu helfen und Kontakte zu knüpfen. Physische Herausforderungen und die Heilung waren jeweils Motive bei Sportveranstaltungen und gemeinnützigen Sportveranstaltungen. Über 80 % der Motive wurden mit Hilfe der VFI-Funktionen klassifiziert, dabei konzentrierte man sich vornehmlich auf die Funktionen Verbesserung und Werte sowie soziale Funktionen. Die VFI-Skala ergänzt durch eine qualitative Arbeit kann zur weiteren Bestimmung von Motiven zur temporären ehrenamtlichen Arbeit und der Entwicklung von Erhaltungsstrategien dienlich sein.

Resumen

Aunque los voluntarios episódicos son un recurso crítico para muchas organizaciones, sus motivos para ser voluntarios no se entienden demasiado bien. Se realizó una revisión sistemática para describir la evidencia empírica sobre los motivos del voluntariado episódico (EV, del inglés episodic volunteering) en diferentes sectores (deporte, turismo, eventos, salud y bienestar social). Los motivos del EV fueron clasificados después utilizando funciones centrales del Inventario de Funciones del Voluntario (VFI, del inglés Volunteer Functions Inventory) para su comparación entre estudios. Se investigaron doce bases de datos (1990-diciembre 2014). Treinta y tres estudios en idioma inglés incluyeron resultados que describían motivos de EV. Los estudios fueron predominantemente transversales, cuantitativos, basados en eventos, y se originaron en Norteamérica. La medición de los motivos también fue contradictoria. Los motivos comunes ayudaron a otros y socializaron. El desafío físico y los motivos de curación fueron específicos de los eventos basados en deportes y los eventos deportivos benéficos, respectivamente. Se clasificaron más del 80 % de los motivos utilizando funciones VFI, en particular, funciones de mejora, de valores y sociales. El VFI complementado con un trabajo cualitativo puede ser eficaz para seguir identificando motivos de EV y estrategias de retención.

摘要

尽管插话式志愿者是许多组织的主要来源,但对其志愿动机的了解很少。我们进行了系统的回顾,从而描述对跨各种领域(体育、旅游、活动、健康和社会福利)的插话式志愿 (EV) 的动机。然后,使用志愿者职能库存 (VFI) 对已确定的EV动机进行分类。搜索了12个数据库(1990年至2014年12月)。33个英语研究包括介绍EV动机的结果。这些研究主要跨领域、量化、基于事实并来自北美洲。动机的测量不一致。常见的动机是帮助其他人和社交。身体挑战和治愈动机分别特定于体育活动和慈善体育活动。使用VFI职能分类了超过80 %的动机,尤其是增强、价值和社会职能。VFI加上定性工作可能对于进一步确定EV动机和保留策略非常有用。

ملخص

على الرغم من أن المتطوعين على فترات متقطعة هم مورد حاسم للعديد من المنظمات دوافعهم للعمل التطوعي غير مفهوم. قد أجريت مراجعة منهجية لوصف الأدلة التجريبية حول الدوافع للعمل التطوعي على فترات متقطعة (EV) في مختلف القطاعات (الرياضة، السياحة، الأحداث، الصحة والرعاية الإجتماعية). تم تحديد دوافع العمل التطوعي على فترات متقطعة (EV) ثم تصنيفه بإستخدام وظائف أساسية من قائمة جرد وظائف المتطوعين (VFI) للمقارنة بين الدراسات. تم البحث في إثني عشر من قواعد البيانات (1990 إلى ديسمبر/كانون الأول 2014). تضمنت نتائج ثلاثة وثلاثون دراسات باللغة الإنجليزية تصف دوافع العمل التطوعي على فترات متقطعة (EV). كانت الدراسات في الغالب تحليل مقطعي للبيانات، كمي، على أساس الحدث، والتي تنشأ في أمريكا الشمالية. قياس الدوافع يتعارض أيضا˝. الدوافع المشتركة مساعدة الآخرين والتنشئة الإجتماعية. التحديات البدنية ودوافع الشفاء محددة للأحداث القائمة على الرياضة والأحداث الرياضية الخيرية، على التوالي. تم تصنيف أكثر من 80٪ من الدوافع بإستخدام دور قائمة جرد وظائف المتطوعين (VFI)، خاصة تعزيز القيم والمهام الإجتماعية. إكمال قائمة جرد وظائف المتطوعين (VFI) بالعمل النوعي قد يكون فعال لتحديد المزيد من دوافع العمل التطوعي على فترات متقطعة (EV) وإستراتيجيات الإحتفاظ بهم.

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Dunn, J., Chambers, S.K. & Hyde, M.K. Systematic Review of Motives for Episodic Volunteering. Voluntas 27, 425–464 (2016). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11266-015-9548-4

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