Abstract
Porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (PEDV) was first recognized in pigs in the United States (US) in May 2013. Since then, the virus has spread to over 30 states and caused significant economic losses in the US swine industry due to the high mortality in newborn piglets less than 2 weeks of age. A mild-variant strain OH851 of PEDV in the US was first reported in January 2014. Here, we report histological changes in the small intestines of five piglets infected with the variant strain OH851 of PEDV. The lesions observed were milder, compared to the US classical strain of PEDV. Our study, for the first time, reports the histological lesions caused by the variant PEDV OH851 strain from a field case. In addition, genomic characterization demonstrated that US variant PEDV is more closely related to European-like strains in the first 1170 nt of the 5′ spike gene but to US classical PEDV strains in the remaining genome, suggesting that the variant PEDV strain may derive from a recombinant event between the US classical and European-like PEDV strains.
References
E.N. Wood, Vet. Rec. 100, 243–244 (1977)
M.B. Pensaert, P. de Bouck, Arch. Virol. 58, 243–247 (1978)
D. Song, B. Park, Virus Genes 44, 167–175 (2012)
R.Q. Sun, R.J. Cai, Y.Q. Chen, P.S. Liang, D.K. Chen, C.X. Song, Emerg. Infect. Dis. 18, 161–163 (2012)
G.W. Stevenson, H. Hoang, K.J. Schwartz, E.R. Burrough, D. Sun, D. Madson, V.L. Cooper, A. Pillatzki, P. Gauger, B.J. Schmitt, L.G. Koster, M.L. Killian, K.J. Yoon, J. Vet. Diagn. Investig. 25, 649–654 (2013)
L. Wang, B. Byrum, Y. Zhang, Emerg. Infect. Dis. 20, 917–919 (2014)
F.M. Zheng, J.Y. Huo, J. Zhao, H.T. Chang, X.M. Wang, L. Chen, C.Q. Wang, Bing Du Xue Bao 29, 197–205 (2013)
D. Goede, M.P. Murtaugh, J. Nerem, P. Yeske, K. Rossow, R. Morrison, Vet. Microbiol. 176, 161–164 (2015)
C.M. Lin, T. Annamalai, X. Liu, X. Gao, Z. Lu, M. El-Tholoth, H. Hu, L.J. Saif, Q. Wang, Vet. Res. 46, 134 (2015)
L. Wang, Y. Zhang, B. Byrum, J. Virol. Methods 207, 154–157 (2014)
K. Jung, Q. Wang, K.A. Scheuer, Z. Lu, Y. Zhang, L.J. Saif, Emerg. Infect. Dis. 20, 662–665 (2014)
B. Grasland, L. Bigault, C. Bernard, H. Quenault, O. Toulouse, C. Fablet, N. Rose, F. Touzain, Y. Blanchard, Genome Announc. 3, e00535-15 (2015)
D. Hanke, M. Jenckel, A. Petrov, M. Ritzmann, J. Stadler, V. Akimkin, S. Blome, A. Pohlmann, H. Schirrmeier, M. Beer, D. Hoper, Emerg. Infect. Dis. 21, 493–496 (2015)
J. Stadler, S. Zoels, R. Fux, D. Hanke, A. Pohlmann, S. Blome, H. Weissenbock, C. Weissenbacher-Lang, M. Ritzmann, A. Ladinig, BMC Vet. Res. 11, 142 (2015)
S. Theuns, N. Conceicao-Neto, I. Christiaens, M. Zeller, L.M. Desmarets, I.D. Roukaerts, D.D. Acar, E. Heylen, J. Matthijnssens, H.J. Nauwynck, Genome Announc. 3, e00506-15 (2015)
J.R. Mesquita, R. Hakze-van der Honing, A. Almeida, M. Lourenco, W.H. van der Poel, M.S. Nascimento, Transbound. Emerg. Dis. 62, 586–588 (2015)
S. Lee, G.S. Park, J.H. Shin, C. Lee, Genome Announc. 2, e01116-14 (2014)
A. Dastjerdi, J. Carr, R.J. Ellis, F. Steinbach, S. Williamson, Emerg. Infect. Dis. 21, 2235–2237 (2015)
A.N. Vlasova, D. Marthaler, Q. Wang, M.R. Culhane, K.D. Rossow, A. Rovira, J. Collins, L.J. Saif, Emerg. Infect. Dis. 20, 1620–1628 (2014)
Acknowledgments
The authors thank Jason Herr and Kerri Lawrence for technical assistance.
Funding
None.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding authors
Ethics declarations
Conflict of Interest
All authors in this paper declare they have no conflict of interest.
Ethical approval
All applicable international, national, and/or institutional guidelines for the care and use of animals were followed.
Additional information
Edited by Simon D. Scott.
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Wang, L., Hayes, J., Byrum, B. et al. US variant porcine epidemic diarrhea virus: histological lesions and genetic characterization. Virus Genes 52, 578–581 (2016). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11262-016-1334-x
Received:
Accepted:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11262-016-1334-x