Abstract
The proliferation of artificial lighting at night is one of the key anthropogenic changes associated with urbanised areas as well as some non-urban areas. Disruption to natural light/dark regimes can have considerable effects on the timing of different behaviours of birds, particularly during the breeding season. However, the effect of artificial lights on the timing of behaviours during winter has received relatively little attention, despite the fact that time partitioning of foraging can have implications for avian winter survival. In this study, we assess at a landscape scale during winter, whether birds arrive at feeding stations earlier in areas with increased levels of artificial lighting using data from a citizen science project. Arrival times of the ten most commonly recorded species were associated with a combination of the density of artificial lights, temperature, rainfall and urban land cover. We found no evidence that birds advance the onset of foraging in gardens with more artificial lights nearby; contrary to our prediction, birds generally arrived later into these areas. This is possibly a response to differences in food availability or predation risk in areas with more artificial lights. We conclude that artificial light at night may not be as important for driving the timing of foraging behaviour in winter as previously thought, but it remains to be seen whether this represents a missed opportunity to extend the foraging period or an adaptive response.
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Acknowledgments
We would like to thank all the participants who took part in the survey and all the British Trust for Ornithology’s Garden BirdWatch members whose subscriptions funded the Early Bird Survey. Thanks go to Heather Pymar, Donna Hobbs and Nicky Ward for their help with data inputting and to Iain Downie for building the online survey interface. Finally, thanks go to Jacquie Clark for comments on an early draft of the manuscript, Greg Conway for help extracting weather data and Kate Risely for input throughout the preparation of this manuscript.
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Clewley, G.D., Plummer, K.E., Robinson, R.A. et al. The effect of artificial lighting on the arrival time of birds using garden feeding stations in winter: A missed opportunity?. Urban Ecosyst 19, 535–546 (2016). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11252-015-0516-y
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11252-015-0516-y