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The effects of landscape cover on surface soils in a low density residential neighborhood in Baltimore, Maryland

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Abstract

Previous studies at the scale of a city have shown that surface soil nutrients, pH, and soil organic matter (SOM) can vary by land cover, land use, and management. This study was conducted in Baltimore County, Maryland, to quantify the differences in characteristics of soil in a residential neighborhood and adjacent forest patch sampling at a fine scale. The first objective was to compare soil characteristics in a residential neighborhood among ecotope types of forest, lawn, and planting beds that were underlain by the same parent material and thus only differed in plant cover. Another objective was to examine differences in soil properties of lawn soils that differed in age by 10 years. The final objective was to quantify the variation of these residential and forest soils. Composite soil samples from the surface to a depth of 5 cm were taken from planting beds and lawns from 50 residences and an adjacent forest patch. Results showed that the forest soil had 30 % more SOM and was more acidic than lawn soil. Conversely, Mg, P, K, and Ca were 47 to 67 % lower in forest compared to lawn soils even though both soils developed from similar parent materials. For the residential lawns, the older development had significantly higher concentration of soil P. There was also a difference between front and back lawns where front lawns had 26 and 10 % higher concentrations of Ca and Mg, respectively, and a higher pH than the back lawns. Finally, the variation of soil characteristics of all areas sampled, from lowest to highest was pH < SOM < K < Mg < Ca < P. Results of this study suggest that anthropogenic factors appear to overwhelm natural soil forming factors in suburban residential areas in the Baltimore metropolitan area and these differences appear to increase with time.

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Acknowledgments

Funding support was provided by the USDA Forest Service’s Northern Research Station (NRS-8), Syracuse, NY; Baltimore Ecosystem Study grant from the National Science Foundation (Grant No. 0423476); University of Maryland Baltimore County, Center for Urban Environmental grants from the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NA06OAR4310243 and NA07OAR4170518). Thanks to Lauren Olszewski, Emily Neral, Ellen Henrikson, Chris Havran, Kim Mead, and Rosemary Williams who were responsible for the collection and processing of samples analyzed in this work. Thanks to John Stanovick, USDA Forest Service, for statistical review.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. USDA Forest Service, 5523 Research Park, Suite 350, Baltimore, MD, 21228, USA

    Ian D. Yesilonis

  2. USDA Forest Service, Research & Development, Washington, DC, USA

    R. V. Pouyat

  3. Department of Crop and Soil Science, Cornell University, 624 Bradfield, Ithaca, NY, 14853, USA

    J. Russell-Anelli

  4. Center for Urban Environmental Research and Education, UMBC, Technology Research Center 102, 1000 Hilltop Circle, Baltimore, MD, 21250, USA

    E. Powell

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  1. Ian D. Yesilonis
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  2. R. V. Pouyat
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  3. J. Russell-Anelli
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  4. E. Powell
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Correspondence to Ian D. Yesilonis.

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Yesilonis, I.D., Pouyat, R.V., Russell-Anelli, J. et al. The effects of landscape cover on surface soils in a low density residential neighborhood in Baltimore, Maryland. Urban Ecosyst 19, 115–129 (2016). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11252-015-0502-4

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