Abstract
The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of supplementation of varying levels of cassava root meal (CRM, 300 and 1,000 g), without or with 700 g groundnut cake (GNC) on intake and performance of growing Laisind cattle fed with a basal diet of urea-treated rice straw (URTRS). Twenty-four male cattle of crossbred Laisind (50 % Red Sindhi and 50 % local Yellow, both Bos indicus), from 15 to 17 months of age, 165–175 kg body weight, were used. They were assigned to a completely randomized block design in a 2 × 2 factorial arrangement (two CRM levels and two GNC levels). Intake of URTRS (interaction, P < 0.01) and digestibility of neutral detergent fiber (interaction, P < 0.05) decreased as CRM level increased on the diets without GNC but was not affected by CRM level on the diets with GNC. The total dry matter intake (interaction, P < 0.05) and live weight gain (LWG) (interaction, P < 0.001) increased as CRM level increased on the diets with GNC, but no difference was observed on the diets without GNC. In conclusion, supplementation of 1,000 g CRM should be in combination with 700 g GNC to avoid the negative effects on URTRS intake and digestibility, therefore improving LWG of growing Laisind cattle fed on a URTRS-based diet.
This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
AOAC, 1990. Official methods of analyses. 15th Edition, (Association of Analytical Chemists, Washington, DC)
Arroquy, J.I., Cochran, R.C., Wickersham, T.A., Llewellyn, D.A., Titgemeyer, E.C., Nagaraja, T.G., and Johnson, D.E., 2004. Effects of type of supplemental carbohydrate and source of supplemental rumen degradable protein on low quality forage utilization by beef steers, Animal Feed Science and Technology, 115, 247-263
Ba, N.X., Van, N.H., Ngoan, L.D., Gloag, C.M., and Doyle, P.T., 2008. Amount of cassava powder fed as a supplement affects feed intake and live weight gain in Laisind cattle in Vietnam, Asian-Australian Journal of Animal Science, 21, 1143-1150
Bodine, T.N. and Purvis II, H.T., 2003. Effects of supplemental energy and/or degradable intake protein on performance, grazing behavior, intake, digestibility, and fecal and blood indices by beef steers grazed on dormant native tallgrass prairie, Journal of Animal Science, 81, 304-317
Chanjula, P., Wanapat, M., Wachirapakorn, C., Uriyapongson, S., and Rowlinson, P., 2003. Ruminal degradability of tropical feeds and their potential use in ruminant diets, Asian-Australian Journal of Animal Science, 16, 211-216
Davies, K.L., McKinnon, J.J., and Mutsvangwa, T., 2013. Effects of dietary ruminally degradable starch and ruminally degradable protein levels on urea recycling, microbial protein production, nitrogen balance, and duodenal nutrient flow in beef heifers fed low crude protein diets, Canadian Journal of Animal Science, 93, 123-136
Detmann, E., Valentea, É.E.L., Batista, E.D., and Huhtanen, P., 2014. An evaluation of the performance and efficiency of nitrogen utilization in cattle fed tropical grass pastures with supplementation, Livestock Science, http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.livsci.2014.01.029
Dixon, R.M. and Stockdale, C.R., 1999. Associative effects between forages and grains: consequences for feed utilization, Australian Journal of Agricultural Research, 50, 757-773
Goering, H.K. and Soest, P.J.V., 1970. Forage fiber analyses, (USDA Agricultural Handbook No. 379. USDA-ARS, Washington, DC)
Huhtanen, P., Ahvenjärvi, S., Weisbjerg, M.R., and Nørgaard, P., 2008. Digestion and passage of fibre in ruminants. In: K. Sejrsen, T. Hvelplund and M.O. Nielsen (eds) Ruminant Physiology: Digestion, Metabolism and Impact of Nutrition on Gene Expression, Immunology and Stress (Wageningen Academic Publishers, The Netherlands), 87-126
Klevesahl, E.A., Cochran, R.C., Titgemeyer, E.C., Wickersham, T.A., Farmer, C.G., Arroquy, J.I., and Johnson, D.E., 2003. Effect of a wide range in the ratio of supplemental rumen degradable protein to starch on utilization of low-quality, grass hay by beef steers, Animal Feed Science and Technology, 105, 5–20
Kozloski, G.V., Netto, D.P., Bonnecarrère Sanchez, L.M., Lima, L.D., Cadorin Júnior, R.L., Fiorentini, G., and Härter, C.J., 2006. Nutritional value of diets based on a low-quality grass hay supplemented or not with urea and levels of cassava meal, African Journal of Agricultural Research, 1, 38-46
Majak, W., 1992. Metabolism and absorption of toxic glycosides by ruminants, Journal of Range Management, 45, 67-71
Mejía-Agüero, L.E., Galeno, F., Hernández-Hernández, O., Matehus, J., and Tovar, J., 2012. Starch determination, amylose content and susceptibility to in vitro amylolysis in flours from the roots of 25 cassava varieties, Journal of the Science of Food and Agriculture, 92, 673–678
Menke, K.H. and Steingass, H., 1988. Estimation of the energetic feed value obtained from chemical analysis and gas production using rumen fluid, Animal Research and Development, 28, 7-55
Mondal, G., Walli, T.K., and Patra, A.K., 2008. In vitro and in sacco ruminal protein degradability of common Indian feed ingredients. In: Livestock Research for Rural Development. http://www.lrrd.org/lrrd20/24/mond20063.htm. Accessed on 15 August 2013
Nhiem, D.V., Jan, B., Nils Petter, K., Trach, N.X., and Tuan, B.Q., 2013. Effects of replacing fish meal with soy cake in a diet based on urea-treated rice straw on performance of growing Laisind beef cattle, Tropical Animal Health and Production, 45, 901-909
SAS, 1996. SAS/STAT® User’s Guide (Release 6.12), (SAS Inst. Inc., Cary, NC, USA)
Schroeder, G.F. and Titgemeyer, E.C., 2008. Interaction between protein and energy supply on protein utilization in growing cattle: A review, Livestock Science, 114, 1-10
Souza, M.A., Detmann, E., Paulino, M.F., Sampaio, C.B., Lazzarini, Í., and Valadares Filho, S.C., 2010. Intake, digestibility and rumen dynamics of neutral detergent fibre in cattle fed low-quality tropical forage and supplemented with nitrogen and/or starch, Tropical Animal Health and Production, 42, 1299-1310
Thang, C.M., Ledin, I., and Bertilsson, J., 2010. Effect of using cassava products to vary the level of energy and protein in the diet on growth and digestibility in cattle, Livestock Science, 128, 166-172
Venkatesh, B., Chad, A.R., Shishir, P.S.C., Leonardo da Costa, S., Patricia, J.S., Rajesh, G., and Bruce, E.D., 2009. Conversion of extracted oil cake fibers into bioethanol including DDGS, canola, sunflower, sesame, soy, and peanut for integrated biodiesel processing, Journal of the American Oil Chemists’ Society, 86, 157–165
Wanapat, M. and Khampa, S., 2007. Effect of levels of supplementation of concentrate containing high levels of cassava chip on rumen ecology, microbial N supply and digestibility of nutrients in beef cattle, Asian-Australian Journal of Animal Science, 20, 75 - 81
Zhang, X.D., Wang, J.K., Chen, W.J., and Liu, J.X., 2010. Associative effects of supplementing rice straw-based diet with cornstarch on intake, digestion, rumen microbes and growth performance of Huzhou lambs, Animal Science Journal, 81, 172–179
Acknowledgments
The authors wish to express their gratitude to the NUFU project “Improved productivity of beef cattle production in Vietnam, Laos and Cambodia” and the Norwegian Quota Scholarship Program for the financial support of the research.
Conflict of interest
The authors declare that they have no conflict of interest.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Trung, N.T., Berg, J., Cuong, V.C. et al. Influence of varying levels of supplemental cassava root meal without or with groundnut cake on performance of growing Laisind cattle. Trop Anim Health Prod 46, 925–930 (2014). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11250-014-0586-5
Accepted:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11250-014-0586-5