Abstract
Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis (MAP) is the causal agent of Johne's disease or paratuberculosis of ruminants and has been associated with Crohn’s disease in humans. In this study, the genotypes of MAP obtained so far in South American countries using a combination of the subtyping methods Mycobacterial Interspersed Repeats Units-Variable Number of Tandem Repeats (MIRU-VNTR) and Multilocus Short Sequence Repeats (MLSSR) were analyzed. Through this analysis, seven different MIRU-VNTR genotypes and seven MLSSR genotypes have been detected. If both methods were combined, nine different genotypes were found. Results revealed the predominance of MIRU-VNTR genotype 1 (INMV 1) and MLSSR genotype A (7 g–10 g–4ggt) among MAP isolates from different host species in South America. These predominant MAP genotypes are also commonly detected in Europe and the United States. This predominance could be the result of higher animal infection ability or better culturability on solid media used for isolation. Further studies on molecular epidemiology of MAP must be carried out in South America to increase our knowledge of the global distribution of MAP.
This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.
References
Amonsin, A., L.L. Li, Q. Zhang, J.P. Bannantine, A.S. Motiwala, S. Sreevatsan and V. Kapur, 2004. Multilocus short sequence repeat sequencing approach for differentiating among Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis strains. Journal of Clinical Microbiology, 42, 1694–1702
Bull, T.J., K. Sidi-Boumedine, E.J. McMinn, K. Stevenson, R. Pickup and J. Hermon-Taylor, 2003. Mycobacterial interspersed repetitive units (MIRU) differentiate Mycobacterium avium subspecies paratuberculosis from other species of the Mycobacterium avium complex. Molecular and cellular Probes, 17, 157–164
Castellanos, E., B. Romero, S. Rodriguez, L. de Juan, J. Bezos, A. Mateos, L. Dominguez and A. Aranaz, 2010. Molecular characterization of Mycobacterium avium subspecies paratuberculosis Types II and III isolates by a combination of MIRU-VNTR loci. Veterinary Microbiology, 144, 118–126
Cernicchiaro, N., S.J. Wells, H. Janagama and S. Sreevatsan, 2008. Influence of type of culture medium on characterization of Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis subtypes. Journal of Clinical Microbiology, 46, 145–149
Chacon, O., L.E. Bermudez and R.G. Barletta, 2004. Johne's disease, inflammatory bowel disease, and Mycobacterium paratuberculosis. Annual Review of Microbiology, 58, 329–363
Fernandez-Silva, J.A., A. Abdulmawjood and M. Bulte, 2011. Diagnosis and molecular characterization of Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis from dairy cows in Colombia. Veterinary Medicine International, 352561
Gollnick, N.S., R.M. Mitchell, M. Baumgart, H.K. Janagama, S. Sreevatsan and Y.H. Schukken, 2007. Survival of Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis in bovine monocyte-derived macrophages is not affected by host infection status but depends on the infecting bacterial genotype. Veterinary Immunology and Immunopathology, 120, 93–105
Harris, N.B., J.B. Payeur, V. Kapur and S. Sreevatsan, 2006. Short-sequence-repeat analysis of Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis and Mycobacterium avium subsp. avium isolates collected from animals throughout the United States reveals both stability of loci and extensive diversity. Journal of Clinical Microbiology, 44, 2970–2973
Moreira, A.R., F. Paolicchi, C. Morsella, M. Zumarraga, A. Cataldi, B. Fabiana, A. Alicia, O. Piet, D. van Soolingen and M.I. Romano, 1999. Distribution of IS900 restriction fragment length polymorphism types among animal Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis isolates from Argentina and Europe. Veterinary Microbiology, 70, 251–259
Overduin, P., L. Schouls, P. Roholl, Z.A. van der, N. Mahmmod, A. Herrewegh and D. van Soolingen, 2004. Use of multilocus variable-number tandem-repeat analysis for typing Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis. Journal of Clinical Microbiology, 42, 5022–5028
Salgado, M., E.J.B. Manning, G. Monti, G. Bolske, R. Soderlund, M. Ruiz, E. Paredes, S. Leiva, H. Van Kruningen and J. Kruze, 2011. European hares in Chile: a different lagomorph reservoir for Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis? Journal of Wildlife Diseases, 47, 734–738.
Schönenbrücher, H., A. Abdulmawjood, K. Failing and M.Bülte, 2008. New triplex real-time PCR assay for detection of Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis in bovine feces. Applied and Environmental Microbiology, 74, 2751–2758.
Stevenson, K., J. Alvarez, D. Bakker, F. Biet, L. de Juan, S. Denham, Z. Dimareli, K. Dohmann, G.F. Gerlach, I. Heron, M. Kopecna, L. May, I. Pavlik, J.M. Sharp, V.C. Thibault, P. Willemsen, R.N. Zadoks and A. Greig, 2009. Occurrence of Mycobacterium avium subspecies paratuberculosis across host species and European countries with evidence for transmission between wildlife and domestic ruminants. BMC Microbiology, 9, 212.
Thibault, V.C., M. Grayon, M.L. Boschiroli, C. Hubbans, P. Overduin, K. Stevenson, M.C. Gutierrez, P. Supply and F. Biet, 2007. New variable-number tandem-repeat markers for typing Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis and M. avium strains: comparison with IS900 and IS1245 restriction fragment length polymorphism typing. Journal of Clinical Microbiology, 45, 2404–2410.
Thibault, V.C., M. Grayon, M.L. Boschiroli, E. Willery, C. Allix-Beguec, K. Stevenson, F. Biet and P. Supply, 2008: Combined multilocus short-sequence-repeat and mycobacterial interspersed repetitive unit-variable-number tandem-repeat typing of Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis isolates, Journal of Clinical Microbiology, 46, 4091–4094.
Acknowledgements
The authors acknowledge the ALECOL program (DAAD, Universidad de Antioquia, Colciencias–Ministerio de Educación Nacional–Icetex); J. Kruze and M. Salgado from the Instituto de Microbiología, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Austral de Chile; M. Fischer, C. Walter and K. Simon from the Justus-Liebig-Universität Giessen.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Fernández-Silva, J.A., Abdulmawjood, A., Akineden, Ö. et al. Genotypes of Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis from South American countries determined by two methods based on genomic repetitive sequences. Trop Anim Health Prod 44, 1123–1126 (2012). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11250-011-0060-6
Accepted:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11250-011-0060-6